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Formation of the Triple Alliance
(7) Although the Triple Alliance formed before the war started, it contributed greatly to the length of the war and the involvement of many countries. -
US Economy Prior to WW1
(17) Shortly before the war, the US economy grew due to the money being put forward in support of total war. -
Propaganda for Total War
(19) Propaganda and other forms of mass influence were used to encourage people to support total war. -
Serbia's Entry
(1) Serbian nationalists assassinated Archduke Ferdinand because Franz Ferdinand was the future emperor of the Austro Hungarian empire, which Gavrilo Princip saw as the oppressor of Serbian people. -
Serbia's Original Goal
(3) When Serbian nationalists assassianted Archduke Ferdinand, their objective was to break off Austria-Hungary's South Slav provinces so they could be combined into a Yugoslavia. -
Art/Literature
(20) Many artists and writers began to change their way of writing to become more fitting to their surroundings as the talk of war increased. -
Austria-Hungary's Entry
(2) Austria-Hungary first declares war on Serbia, due to the assassiantion of Franz Ferdinand by Serbian nationalists. -
German Propaganda
(4) Germany used propaganda in support, and against, total war. They were one of the first nations to utilize religious references in their propaganda posters. -
Russia's Mobilization
(2) Russia declares full mobilization of its armed forces to protect Serbia from Austria-Hungary since Serbian nationalists assassinated the heir to the Austria-Hungarian throne. -
Russian Mobilization
(5) In reaction to the assassination of Franz Ferdinand, Russia begins full mobilization of its troops in anticipation of an attack from Austria-Hungary. -
Germany's Reaction to Russia's Mobilization
(5) Germany demands that Russia cease full mobilization despite the Serbian assassination of Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary. -
Germany's Mobilization
(2) Germany mobilizes all of its armed forces in support of total warfare. They put all of their resources towards the war. -
France's Balance of Power
(3) France was previously disadvantaged due to their balance constantly being in check by other European nations. This was a lasting effect of Napoleon's empire in Europe. -
French Mobilization
(5) In reaction to Russian and German mobilization, France begins to full mobilize and put all of its resources towards war. -
Belgian Mobilization
(5) Belgium begins to mobilize in anticipation of the war, as well as because of their geography. They aimed to remain neutral, however Germany forced them into mobilization after Belgium denied free acess for German troops. -
Belgium's Entry
(2) The German government wrote to the Belgian government demanding the right of free passage across Belgium for its troops, but Belgium wanted to remain neutral and declined. This led Germany to declare war on Belgium. -
Germany's Entry
(1) Germany declared war on France because it felt threatened by its encirclement by France and Russia, who were now enemies of Germany. -
French Propaganda
(4) France, like many other nations, used different propaganda techniques to eventually convince the population to support the French government in declaring war on Germany. -
Britian's Entry
(1) Britian entered the war due to compeition for power. It became clear that Germany would be the greatest threat to the British Empire due to its population, growing economy, and powerful armed forces. -
Russia's Entry
(1) Germany delcared war on Russia to honor its allaince with Austria-Hungary, since Serbia assasinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand, and Russia and Serbia were allies. -
Belgium's Objective
(3) Belgium's goal was to remain neutral and not get involved in the war, however after they refused the right to Germany to march troops through Belgium their plan was defeated. Germany then invaded Belgium and proceeded to occupy and misuse most of Belgium. -
Battle of Liège
(6) The Battle of Liège was the first battle of World War 1, and was the first battle to begin diminishing hopes of a short war. -
Battle of Mulhouse
(6) This battle was the first open attack of the French against the Germans, and marked an attempt of the French recovery of Alsace. -
British Mobilization
(5) Much of Britain's mobilization was seen through the expansion of their navy in anticipation of German attacks. -
Belgian Propaganda
(4) Belgium was also a hotspot for propaganda due to the conflicting forces of its government. The Belgian government published posters criticizing the German rule, while the German government published propaganda in support of German rule. The German government censored much of the Belgium propaganda. -
Battle of Tannenberg
(7) This battle between Germany and Russia led to the stalemate after Germany was decisively victorious over Russia that eventually caused trench warfare. -
Battle of the Marne
(7) The Battle of the Marne was a major turning point because as the whole Allied army on the Western Front was being forced into a retreat towards Paris, the German armies continued through France. -
Allies' Original Views
(19) The Allies were also forced to readjust their views of the war as they realized it was going to last much longer than originally expected. -
Refugee Crisis
(16) The refugee crises was a formation of many people fleeing from the occupation of enemy troops, but also by people avoiding the use of force by their own governments. -
Naval Arms Race
(2) Britian's expanding, previously unthreatened navy was now threatened by Germany's navy. This caused Britian's control of the surrounding seas to be called into question. -
Armenian Genocide
(12) Leaders of the Turkish government began to expel and massacre Armenians living in the Ottoman Empire, and when the massacres ended over 1.5 million Armenians were killed. -
Russian Withdrawal's Influence on Allies
(9) After Russia withdrew, the side of the Allies were forced to change their plan because of the change in geography of the war once Russia withdrew. -
Germany's Original Vision
(19) Originally, Germany thought their soldiers could overcome all opposing troops and decisively win the war within a little over a month. Their views, however, were forced to change as the war expanded and lengthened. -
Alsace: Vosges Mountains
(8) The determination of French armies to reclaim the Alsace region led to many harsh confrontations in the mountainous geography. -
Belgian Coast
(8) During the four year German occupation of the Belgian coast the vulnerability of it caused it to be easily exposed to the Germans. -
Effects of the Great Migration
(16) The amount of African Americans working in the farming industry dropped by 40% in less than 50 years. -
Great Migration Causes
(16) The Great Migration was caused because when World War 1 started, the US limited immigration from European countries. This led to an opening of jobs in the North, which many African Americans migrated towards to fill. -
The Great Migration
(16) The Great Migration was the movement of African Americans that lasted many years and was an effect of World War 1. -
British and German Naval War
(19) Many British and German people were encouraged to support total war in the form of a naval race. -
Total War
(19) War was viewed as glamorous, glorious, and an honor to be a part of, which led many people to want to committ all resources to go to war. -
Eastern Front
(8) Russia's harsh winters made battles on the Eastern Front even more deadly, and contributed to the food riots that began the Russian Revolution. -
Germany's Poison Gas
(12) The German use of poisonous gas as a weapon was a violation of human rights and was later outlawed. -
German Rights Violation
(12) The Germans violated a common rule very frequently by sinking passenger ships traveling with no weapons aboard. -
Atlantic Naval Battles
(6) In 1915, Germany declared a naval blockade of Britain.The U-boats sank many merchant ships, which resulted in many civilian deaths, especially when passenger ships were sunk. -
Italy's Entrance
(7) Italy's declaration of being on the side of the Allies also represented a major turning point in the war as it declared war on Austria-Hungary. -
Killing of Paramedics
(12) Many countries violated a general agreement by shooting and killing paramedics and people with other jobs not involved in fighting in the war itself. -
Battle of Verdun
(6) Air superiority initially enabled the Germans to establish a blockade on the French air squadrons, however, the French were able to overcome the blockade and establish air superiortity. -
North Sea Naval Battles
(6) Britain's large fleet was able to maintain a blockade of Germany, and successfully cut it off from overseas trade and resources. -
British Colonies' Rights Violation
(12) The British Empire took away their colonies' rights to make their own decisions by forcing them to partake in the war without their consent. -
Battle of the Somme
(8) The Battle of the Somme, which took place near the river Somme, was affected greatly by the river as well as by the marshy terrain. The wetness and humidity led to increased trenchfoot and weakness in the soldiers. -
American Propaganda
(4) Propaganda put out by the United States government played a large role in the decision to join in the war, and led people to form opinions based on those posters. -
French Flanders
(8) The flat, open geography of the French Flanders led to dangerous warfare, and the many ditches further pushed the idea of trench warfare. -
Start of Russian Revolution
(9) The Russian Revolution began with a food riot. The Russian people were angry at the government because many of them were poor and starving. -
Russian Revolution
(3) The Russian Revolution was caused by the majority of the population being poor and hungry, which led to discontent and eventually the overthrow of the Russian monarchy. -
Russian Revolution's Effects
(7) The Russian Revolution had lasting effects on the war, as Russia represented a major player fighting for the Allies before withdrawing due to internal conflicts. -
America's Objective
(3) America wanted to remain neutral, but was forced into participation by Germany. If America didn't join in the war efforts, France and Britian would have had no way of paying America back for the war equipment and loans. -
America's Decision to Enter
(10) America finally made the decision to enter the war after debating both sides using propaganda, and the president pushed in favor of total war. -
America's Entry
(1) The US declares war against Germany for two main reasons:
1. Germany was increasing their attacks on unarmed ships, and
2. Germany was urging Mexico to declare war on the US. -
Russian Fall
(18) The Russian Empire also fell due to political internal problems caused by economic complications of World War 1 as the revolutionaries dismantled the throne. -
Russian Revolution Build-Up
(9) As the Russian Revolution exploded and the revolutionists began attacking the monarchy, it became clear the revolution wasn't going to end for months or years. -
Russia's Withdrawal
(9) Russia decided to withdraw from World War 1 to deal with their internal problems and to create stability. -
Russian Withdrawal's Effects
(9) The Russian Revolution had great effects on the outcome of World War 1 because it caused Russia to withdraw from the war. Russia was a large power in the war, and the length of the war and casualties could have been different if Russia hadn't withdrawn. -
American Effects
(10) Shortly after the US decided to enter, Germany had the realization that the length of the war was prolonged greatly. -
Wilson's 14 Points
(14) President Woodrow Wilson proposed a 14-point program for world peace, and supported them through propaganda and other means of communication. -
Wilson's 14 Points Effects
(14) Wilson's points were later served as the basis for peace negotiaions at the end of the war, and greatly impacted the Treaty of Versailles. -
America's Casualties and Caused Casualties
(10) America not only prolonged the war, but also increased the casualties in the war because it added even more people. -
American Effects on the Allies
(10) After America entered the war, it became a great player and decision maker, and gave the Allies a good chance at defeating Germany. -
British Propaganda
(4) Propaganda in Britian supporting the war efforts is organized into one main agency called the Ministry of Information. -
America's Alliances
(10) Among other affects, when America joined the war, it also added to the mess of alliances in World War One, which was one of the reasons World War 1 exploded in size and involvement. -
Belgian Migration
(16) Many people formerly living in Belgium immigrated to France and the Netherlands to escape the harsh German rule and massacres. -
Dismantlement of Austria-Hungary
(18) Over a couple years, the huge world power of Austria-Hungary began to dismantle and eventually ceased to exist as a result of World War 1. -
Ottoman Empire Fall
(18) The Ottoman Empire also fell as a result of World War 1. It slowly dismantled and was transferred into a combination of many nations to check the power balance for each other. -
The Allies' Revenge
(14) The Allies were pleased with their settlement because they would have no losses other than casualties due to the war, and they were able to get the revenge on Germany they yearned for. -
Russian and Ottoman Casualties
(11) Overall, Russia and the Ottoman Empire suffered the most casualties on their sides, depspite Russia withdrawing from the war due to internal conflicts. -
British Casualties
(11) Many casualties on the British side came not just from Great Britian itself, but also from other territories that were part of the British Empire. -
Overall Casualties
(11) Overall, the Allied powers suffered more casualties than the Central powers, even though the Allied powers were victorious over the Central Powers. -
Civilian and Military Casualties
(11) Although most deaths were military deaths, many were also civilian casualties due to the Germans sinking passenger ships among other causes. -
Colonial Casualties
(11) Many colonies were also forced to contribute troops and resources to their mother country's war efforts, and they suffered many casualties as well. -
France's Desires
(13) France desired to force Germany to pay back all war debts, which was an astounding and unrealistic punishment. -
Britian's Desires
(13) Britian wished for a punishment for Germany and the rest of the Central powers that would give them revenge for what Germany did. -
Settlement
(13) The idea of making Germany pay back war debts was the idea that was ultimately settled upon by the Allies. -
Germany's Desires
(13) Germany wished for a punishment that would inflict the least pain on them and that was in their best interests. -
Overall Desires
(13) Overall, the Allies wished for revenge on Germany instead of an agreement that would settle the dispute and prevent it from happening again. -
Germany's Debts
(14) The Treaty of Versailles put Germany into constant debt as they tried to pay back all war debts. -
Poland Established
(18) Poland was established in the East as a result of World War One in the Treaty of Versailles when its borders were drawn. -
Borders Redrawn
(18) World War One also established many smaller regions and countries, such as the Baltic republics of Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia. -
Treaty of Versailles
(14) The Treaty of Versailles was settled by the Allies to inflict revenge on Germany and make them pay for their actions. -
Germany's Economy
(17) The Treaty of Versailles forced Germany into debt because of the requirement that Germany pay war reparations. -
US Rejection of League of Nations
(15) The league had no army to enforce its will, and it had little real power - it could only apply trade sanctions to countries who went to war. -
League of Nation's Failure
(15) The League of Nations failed due to the international dislike of it. It was unrealistic and impractical, which led to its eventual failure. -
League of Nations Participation
(15) Another reason the League of Nations failed is because Russia and Germany, who were major world powers at the time, refused to agree to it, much like the United States. -
US Rejection's Effects
(15) After the United States rejected the League of Nations, it became virtually impossible for it to work because of the absence of so many large powers. -
US Isolationism
(15) At the time, the US was practicing isolationism and trying to remain neutral in outside conflicts. The League of Nations called for collective security, that when one nation harassed another, all the nations would act. The United States at that time did not want to be connected to other nations' affairs. -
Hemingway
(20) Ernest Hemingway's writing was also greatly influenced by his experiences as a medic in war and caused him to write very sad, mourning poems. -
Cubist Art
(20) Cubist art became a fitting way for Pablo Picasso to capture and express teh uncertainty of the political and geographic revolutions. -
US Economy After WW1
(17) Overall, the war greatly hurt America's economy and sent it into a period of mass proverty called the Great Depression. -
Abrupt-Looking Art
(20) Art in general became more abrupt-looking as artists expressed the horrors of trench warfare and total war. -
Lost Generation
(20) Literature also became much more negative - the views of having "happy endiings" were no longer present and many writers fell into the Lost Generation. -
The Great Depression
(17) The Great Depression was the longest-lasting and deepest economic cut in history. It caused starvation, poverty, and unemployment. -
International Effects of The Great Depression
(17) The Great Depression also effected countries who were in debt to the US such as Germany and Great Britian.
