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Evil spirits
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Blood leading, exorcise, and trephining
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Digitalis-treats heart conditions
Quinine-controls fever, relieves muscle spasms, and helps prevent malaria
Belladonna and atropine- relieve muscle spasms
Morphine-pain medicine -
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Health records-first people to keep records
Who are physicians-the priests
How did they heal-medicines -
Development of acupuncture-first to use acupuncture and used stone tools -
Illness cause Nature vs Spiritual-the Greeks were the first to study the causes of disease
Dissection-religious customs didn’t allow bodies to be dissected
Hippocrates-the father of medicine -
Sanitation systems-brought clean water into their cities by waterways
Organize medical care-they physicians and medical equipment with armies for the wounded(physicians also kept rooms in their homes for the ill)
Hospital development-public buildings for the care of the sick were established -
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The church believed that life and death was in gods hands
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Prayers and medicine consisting of herbal mixtures
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caused millions of deaths, some include:the black death, smallpox, diphtheria, syphilis, and tuberculosis
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The rebirth of learning:
Universities- universities/medical schools were built Dissection-now excepted
Books-the development of the printing press and the publishing of books -
He studied and recorded the anatomy of the body -
She discovered the fallopian tubes of the female anatomy
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He discovered the tube leading from the ear to the throat
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He was able to describe the circulation of blood and the pumping of the heart
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Invented the microscope, there is a life smaller than the eye can see, and found bacteria on his teeth that causes tooth decay
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Early pharmacies (were started at this time) -
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Many important discoveries: bifocals and he found that colds could be passed between people -
-able to attend lectures
-observed patients at the bedside
-when patients died the student could dissect the body -
discovered the element oxygen and that plants refresh air that has lost oxygen
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he discovered a certain method of vaccination for smallpox
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invented the stethoscope
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-cause of childbed fever
-discovered that physicians were infecting women by not washing their hands -
-had a school for nursing
-took 38 women to care for soldiers(why she is a legend because of her dedication)
-made reports about the need for better sanitation, construction, and management of hospitals
-nightingale fund
-designed a clean and spacious hospital ward -
-father of microbiology
-proved microorganisms cause disease
-discovered heating milk prevented bacteria growth -
discovered viruses
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-used carbolic acid to kill germs on wounds
-first doctor to use an antiseptic during surgery -
Developed asepsis (a method to keep an area germ free)
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-discovered many disease causing organisms
-culture plate method
-importance of sanitation and cleanliness -
Discovered the effect of medicine on disease causing microorganisms
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-discovered x-rays
-took first x-ray picture of his wife’s hand -
-before the 19th century there was no anesthesia
-nitrous oxide (for dental) and chloroform were used to put people into a deep sleep -
Found that penicillin killed life threatening bacterias
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Discovered the conscious and unconscious parts of the brain
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Discovered sulfonamide compounds
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Discovered that a dead polio virus would cause immunity to poliomyelitis
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Found using a live polio virus was ,pre effective than a dead one
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Discovered the structure of DNA based on its known double helix (won a Nobel Prize for this discovery) -
Performed the first successful heart transplant
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-a pioneer in separating Siamese twins
-performs surgeries on the brain to stop seizures -
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Focused on personal medicine by analyzing someone’s genetics, lifestyle, and clinical data to treat them more efficiently
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Electronic gadgets that are worn to collect and analyze health data (heart rate, activity levels, blood pressure, etc.)
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creation of physical replicas of structures within the body using 3D printing -
Offers a risk-free environment to practice medical procedures and develop skills like communication with virtual patients -
-using technology to provide healthcare remotely
-allows patients to consult with doctors, receive diagnoses, and monitor their progress