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Stanford B. Dole
-His relation w/ US-Him & his family made the Dole Pineapple Company
-Effects-played a prominent & active role in the overthrown of Queen Lilukolami. Gov. 1900-1903
-Connections- family had pineapple plantations, led the provisional gov. while it worked out plans for the US to annex the island during Spanish American War -
The influence of Sea Power upon History
-Captain Alfred T. Mahan, a lecture in naval history, published "The influence of Sea Power Upon History
-It was an analysis of the importance of naval power
-Naval Power: having a nations entire military organization for sea welfare & defense -
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Spanish War
-America went to war against Spain to free Cuba from Spanish domination
-Philippines & Cuba
-1898-1902
-America went to war fighting both in Cuba in the Philippines now a world power
-Made them a world power using a navy suprimire -
Sinking of the U.S.S. Maine
-It was sent to Cuba, to protect US citizens during the Cuban War of Independence
-William Randolph Hearst published,"Remember the Maine! To hell with Spain!"
-Hearst influence America with the uproar started by the destruction of Maine
-Yellow Press exploited the story, whipping the US into an anti-Spanish frenzy
-People would yell out "Remember the Maine!" -
Henry Cabot Lodge
-Served as U.S. Representative
-Imperialism: a policy of extending a country's power & influence through diploma or military force
-Supported Spanish-American War
-He felt that to safeguard its own interest, U.S. had to stake out spheres of economic influence
-Lodge influence the Senate to expand the fleet & network overseas ports as essential security -
Theodore Roosevelt-Battle of San Juan Hill "Rough Riders"
-A volunteer force known as "Rough Riders"
-They defeated Spanish forces at San Juan Hill in Cuba
-In 4 months Spain was defeated
-America forces were left in occupation of the Philippines, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam
-Later he became president of the U.S. -
Open Door Policy
-Cause they wanted to build an Empire
-U.S. did not have a sphere of influence of economic activities
-Protect American business & investor that American would shut out of China by the European powers
-U.S. participation would oppose any attempt by other nations to use the Rebellion as an excuse to dismember China -
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Theodore Roosevelt
-Roosevelt became president after McKinley was assassinated
-His slogan, "speak softly and carry a big stick" said b/c he was sending the greatly expanded Navy-the Great White Fleet-on a world tour
-Roosevelt was the 1st president to speak out on conversation & he greatly expanded the system of national parks & national forests
-Teddy spent periods of time hurting the N.Dakota badlands seeing how over hunting & grazing damaged the land & game animals he tried to stop as Pres. -
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Panama Canal
-Colombia owned it first
-Reason they needed the canal was b/c it provided a new route international trade & military transport
-22K people died
-Roosevelt sent U.S. warships to Panama (part of Colombia) to protect rebels & took action, after that happened Panama gave complete control; of a 10-mile trip to build to the canal -
Roosevelt Corollary
-The Roosevelt Corollary was an addition to the Monroe Doctrine
-Roosevelt wanted to create & inform America Empire in Latin America as a means of competing with the increasing imperialism of Europeans nation
-The Roosevelt Corollary justified American intervention throughout the Western Hemisphere
-It helped keep European nation out of America affairs on North & South America -
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Dollar Diplomacy
-Purpose:promote American foreign goals
-Intended Adv: make America more money, took place in Caribbean region-Central& South Am.
-U.S. bankers loaned money to Latin America Countries if they couldn't repay loans U.S. marines were sent into assure repayment by force -
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Weapons of War-A
-U-boat submarines were used by Germans during WW1
-They used them to sink British Cruisers, along with mines, between Oct. 1916-Jan. 1917 there was a grand total of 1.4 mil tons or allied shipping destroyed mines (land & water based)
-Were used during WW1, they were a type of bomb, land mines were triggered by contact & water mines were engaged by a battery explode Germany laid 43k miles resulting in the sinking of ships, U-boat, & killing people -
Sinking of the Lusitania
-When it was sunk in 1915, the Lusitania was on the return from New York across the Atlantic
-When it was torpedoed by a German U-boat killing 1,100 people, 120 Americans
-This was Germany's unrestricted warfare which helped bring the U.S. into WW1 -
Sussex Pledge
-Germany attack that ship & killed more than 50 people
-Germany pledge to not sink anymore oceans liners without prior warning or providing help for passengers, but broke this pledge by sinking the Lusitania -
Zimmerman Telegram
-International diplomatic communication issued from the Germany foreign office in Jan. 1917
-Proposed a military alliance between Germany & Mexico
-This created 1 of 4 events of the United States entering WW1 against Germany -
German Unrestricted submarine warfare
-Germany being starved or food and raw materials by the British Naval blockade that had been in place since August 1914
-U.S. insustrial production capacity, which could be turned over wholly to war productive for the allies
-U.S. man power, which would provide millions for new troops for the armed armies on the Western front -
The American Expeditionary Forces
-Consisted of U.S. Army Forces sent to Europe
-Under the commending General John, perishing in 1917 to help WW1
-They were called dough boys, possibility of the white belts they wear
-Which they cleaned with pipe clay or "dough"
-They were 1 million of men that were in the (AEF) -
Espionage Act
-The law was extended on May 16, 1918 by the Sedition Act of 1918
-Actually a set of amendments to the Espionage Act, which prohibited may forms of speech, including any disloyal scunilous or abusive language about the form of gov. of the U.S.
-The maximum fine of 10,000 or by improsonment for not more than 20 years of both -
Battle of the Argonne Forest
-Battle in 1818 near the Belgian border
-It were 600k soldiers & 40k of artillery
-It shattered the German defense & open a hole in the German lines
-Was the final & most important battle of the AEF
-The overall was the several medals of honors awarded at the battle -
Alvin York U.S.
-Actions he took, was ordered to take his squad in surprise attack against an emplacement of German machine gun capture 132 German Soldiers & officers on Oct 8, 1918
-Effects: his heroic actions help lead to the ending of the battle of Argonne Forest to sergeant
-Honors & Awards the Congressional Medal of honor -
Schneck v. U.S.
-When America entered WW1, congress pass law called the espionage act violating the 1st amendment
-Schneck was convicted for disturbing literature that encourage men to resist the draft
-Schneck claimed the 1st amendment right to freedom of speech had been violated
-Supreme Court ruled that there were limits to free speech like falsely shouting "fire" in a crowded theater & causing panic
-1st amendment did not protect words that create a "clear & present danger" -
League of Nations
-Intergovernmental organization as a result of the Paric Peace Conference
-purpose was to maintain wolrd peace
-weakness lacked there own armed force they depended on the great powers, but they were reluctant to help
-The league severely weakend when several major powers, such as the U.S. & Russia, failed to join it
-League poured incapable of preventing aggression by axis powers & countries started withdrawing from the league -
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Weapons Of Total War-B
-Machine guns could shoot hundreds of round of ammunition
-These machine guns were 1 of the main killers in the was,b/c of the trench warfare started
-Trench warfare were used as protection from the enemy due to machine guns fire arms & artillery -
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WW1
-Europe was going through MAIN
*M-militarism
*A-alliance
*I-imperialism
*N-nationalism
-Central powers consist of Austria,Hungary,Germany,Bulgaria,& the ottoman empire
-Serbia & Ottoman Empire-Central Powers
-Bosnia,Italy,Japan,& the U.S.(Triple Entente)
-The triple entente was understanding linking the Russian empire;the 3rd Republic & United Kingdom of great Britain & Ireland after signing of Anglo-Russian Entente on August 31,1907 -
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Weapons of Total War-C
-Canned food in WW1 could be transported safely,survive trench conditions,& not spoil,It was developed for preservation & helped feed millions of soldiers
-Poison(mustard) gas was used to injure & kill entrenched defenders.This chemical warfare was a major component of the 1st global war & 1st total war of the 20th century -
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Weapons of Total War-D
-Tanks were developed for protection from machine gun fire while in battle many of the tanks broke down,before they got them to work well
-Airplanes-Early forms were typically unarmed & used in the reconnaissance until personal weapons were added & bombs for trenches