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Alfred Thayer Mahan
-Mahan influenced the US military policy by the ideas in his book, The Influence of Sea Power Upon History
-Mahan's ideas influenced Naval power by the US eekig new markets aboard through the Navy on the seas, and hs emphasis upon aqusiton of Naval bases, inscludng Assistant Secretay of the Navy Theodore Roosevelt -
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Sanford B. Dole
-His relation with the U.S him and his family made dole pineapple company
-Effects played a prominent and active role in the overthrown of Queen Liliuokalani government(1900-1903)
-Led the provisional gov while it worked out plans for the U.S to annex the island during the Spanish American War -
The Influence of Sea Powers Upon History
-Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan, a lecturer in naval history
-It was an analysis of the importance of the naval power
-Naval power
-Having a nations entire military organization for sea warfare and defense -
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Henry Cabot Lodge
-Henry was republican U.S senator from (1893-1924)
-Henry Lodge had a strong Navy which resulted in a relationship with Theodore Roosevelt,later differed in domestic matters
-Theodore Roosevelt and Henry Lodge wanted to introduced the U.S to imperialism like the European countrys -
USS Maine
-In 1898,USS Maine was sent to Havana to protect U.S interests during the Cuban revolt against Spain
-Although the explosion remains unknown,the Hearst& Pulitzer News paper blamed the Spanish for sabotage-yellow journalism
-The sinking of Maine set off a fore storm making the people protest in the U.S -
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Expanding World Power
-In this time period, America changes their view form internal expansion and domestic issues to becoming a global force both economically ad military -
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Theodore Roosevelt- Rough Riders
-Assistant secretary of the Navy Theodore Roosevelt raised a volunteer force known as the Rough Riders acting with other army regiments .They defeated Spanish forces at San Juan Hill in Cuba -
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Spanish American War
-Americans support of Cubans and Filipinos against Spanish rule
-Located of military action,Philippines,Cuba,Puerto Rico ,Guam and Asia pacific
-The effects of the peace treaty the cession of the Philippines involved a payment of 20 million from the U.S to Spain and the U.S became a world power
-The Navy was being created as a large defense -
Open Door Policy
-Cause:they wanted to build an empire
-United Sates did not have a sphere of influence of economic activities
-Protect American businessmen&inventors that Americans would shout out of china by the European powers
-U.S participation would oppose any attempt by other nations to use the rebellion as an excuse to dismember china -
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Theodore Roosevelt
-Roosevelt became president after McKinley was assassinated
-His slogan "speak softly&carry a big stick"said,because he was sending the greatly expanded navy-the great white fleet- on a world tour
-Roosevelt was the 1st president to speak out on conservation and he greatly expanded the system of national parks&national forests
-Teddy spent periods of time hunting in N. Dakota badlands seeing how over hunting at gazing damaged the land and game animals he tried to stop as president -
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Panama Canal
-Colombia owned it first
-Reasons they needed the canal was because it provided a anew route for international trade and military transport
-22k people died
-Roosevelt sent U.S warships to panama(part of Colombia) to protect rebels and take action after that happen panama gave complete control of a 10-mile strip to build the canal -
Roosevelt Corollary
-The Roosevelt corollary was an addition to the Monroe doctrine
-Roosevelt wanted to create and informal American empire in Latin america as a means of competing whit the increasing imprealism of European nation
-The Roosevelt Corollary justified American intervention throughout the western hemisphere
-It helped keep European nation out of american affairs in north and south america -
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Dollar Diplomacy
-Purpose was to promote foreign policy goals
-Intended gov. make America more money
-Took place in Caribbean region(central and south america)
-U.S banks banned money to Latin american counties if they couldn't repay the loans U.S Marines were sent in to assure repayment by force -
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World War 1
-Central powers consist of Austria-Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire
-Allied powers are Serbia, Russia ,the united kingdom, Italy, Belgium, Bosnia and the United States
-The cause of the war :the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand at Sarajevo on June 28,1914 -
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Weapons of Total War, A
-U-boat submarines were used by Germans during WW1,they used them to sink British cruisers,along with mines,between Oct.1916-Jan.1917 there was a grand total of 1.4 million tons of allied shipping destroyed
-Mines(land and water based) were used during WW1,they were a type of bomb,land mines were triggered by contact and water mines were energized by a battery to explode.Germany laid 43,000 mines resulting in the sinking of ships,u-boats,and killing people. -
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Weapons of Total War, B
-Machine guns could shot hundreds of round of ammunition a minute, these machine guns were one of the main killers in the war, because of this the trench warfare started
-Trench Warefare were used as protection from the enemy, due to machine guns,fire arms and artillery -
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Weapons of Total War, C
-Canned Food in WW1 could be transported safely survive trench conditions, and not spoil. It was developed for preservation and helped feed millions of soldiers
-Poison (Mustard) Gas were used to injure and kill entrenched defenders. This chemical warfare was a major component of the first global was and first total war of the 20th century -
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Weapons of Total War, D
-Tanks were developed for protection while in battle from machine gun fire.
-Many of the tanks broke down before they got them to work
-Airplanes,early forms were typically unarmed and used in the reconnaissance role until personal weapons were added, and bombs fro trenches -
Sinking of the Lusitania
-The sinking of the Cunard Ocean liner RMS Lusitania occurred during the first World War,Germany waged submarine warfare against the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland the British Royal Navy blockaded Germany -
Zimmerman Telegram
-The Zimmerman Telegram was an internal diplomatic communication issued form the German foreign office in January,1917 that proposed a military alliance between Germany and Mexico in the event of the United States entering World War 1 vs Germany -
Battle of the Argonne Forest
-Battle in 1918 near the Belgium border
-There was 600,000 soldiers and 40,00 of artillery
-It shattered the German defenses -
Alvin York U.S
-Actions he took was ordered to take his squad on surprise attack against an emplacement of German machine guns captured 132 German soldiers and officers
-His heroic actions help lead to the battle of Argonne Forest to Sargent
-Honors and awarded the congressional medal of honor -
Supreme Court
-The 1st amendment violated when congress makes a law that punishes options against the war
-Congress passed a law called the Espionage Act which said that during wartime obstructing the draft was crime
-The court ruled that there is limits to free speech. Free speech is not protected from falsely should "fire" I crowded theatre and causing panic.The 1st amendment did not protect words that create a " clear and present danger" -
Schenck vs U.S
-Charles Schenck was convinced for distributions literature that encouraged men to resist the drat in WW1
-Schenck claims 1st amendment was violate
-Court ruled there were limits to freedom of speech like "clear and preset danger" and shouting "fire" in crowded movie theater which is not protected by the 1st amendment -
Treaty of Versailles
-The treaty's terms Germany to take the blame, Germany had to give up land to France and 4 other countries, Germany had to pay for all the reparations, and the German army was limited to 100,000 men
-The league of nations was created
-The U.S saw this treaty as an unfair punishment,so Woodrow Wilson proposed 14 points
-The U.S was offered to join the league but turned it down because of foreign affairs, so the U.S went into isolation until the Stock Market Crash -
League of Nations
-Intergovernmental organization as a result of the pairs peace conference
-Purpose was to maintain world peace
-Weakness-lacked there owned armed forces they depended on the great powers,but they were reluctant to help
-The league severely weakened when several major powers such as the U.S and Russia fail to join in
-League proved incapable of preventing aggression by axis powers and countries start withdrawing form the league
