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Dorothea Lange
-Migrant mother is one of a sets of photograph
-Her subject are homeless women, their children & migrant workers
-Her work was funded by federal agencies, such as the farm security administration -
Immigrants during the Depression
-with less demand for workers during the depression, write american farmers sought after jobs filled by Mexican immigrants
-public hostility grew towards Mexicans which made it difficult for them to enter the US
-President hoover authorized the Mexican Reperation act which sent Mexicans back to Mexico -
Stock Market Crash-B
-Warren G harding campaign promised to return the US prewar mantally without the thought of war tainting the minds of American people
-A return to the way of life before WW1
-Foreign competition by means of tarries weaken import quotas or other restrictions or handicaps placed on the imports of foreign competitors -
Stock Market crash-A
-Buying on the margin: meant people had to pay 10-20% of the value of the shares, you were borrowing 80-90% of the value of the shares
-An example of buying on margin to get a loan from bank to pay off another loan -
Stock Market crash
-it was a result of various economic imbalances & structural failings
-In 1920's, a rapid growth in bank credit & loans in the US
-people who borrowed money were exposed & rush to sell shares & try to redeem their debts
-Margin millionaires get wiped out when stock market falls
-stock market crash can be blamed on over exuberance & false expectation -
Stock Market Crash-C
-disposable income is the amount of money that households have available for spending
-people were spending instead of saving, when the market crashed all the people did a "bank run" to get more money -
Great Depression
-When panicked sellers traded nearly 60 mil. shares on the New York stock exchange
-corporations could no longer raise funds
-In 1940 15% was the lowest employment rate.
-People had fought for their daily survival. Banks failed and many people were out of work
-the money supply growth caused by huge international gold influence was a crucial source of the recovery in the US economy -
Migrant Mother 1930
-Her photographs of migrant workers homeless, women, and children helped draw attention to the desperate conditions in rural America and helped to bring attention to the need for direct relief. -
Immigration During the great Depression
-Immigration Act passed quotas on immigrants from Europe but not from Mexico.
-Mexicans freely entered the U.S. as long as they payed tax and passed a test
-Many came to escape turmoil caused by the mex revolution.
-Immigrants were taking all the jobs so Hoover passed a Mexican Reputation Act to send them back to Mexico -
Robert Taft (New Deal Socialism)
-Co-operating with conservative Democrat and led the conservative that opposed the New Deal
-The Republicans gains in the 1938 elections combined with the creation of the conservative j/ had stopped the expansion of the New Deal -
20th Amendment 1933
-The cause was for lame duck sessions
-Lame duck session-of congress meets a ferris elected
-What each amendment did it changed were both president couldnt be in the same building -
FDIC 1933
-Is the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
-Its on independent agency of the U.S Federal government that Piesenes Public confidence in the banking system by insuring deposits.
-President Franklin Roosevelt signed the banking Act in 1933 a part which established FDIC. -
21st Amendment 1933
-Passed in 1933
-Repealed the 18th amendment Cause-Americans concerned about the adverse of drinking Effect- Brought an end to the era of national probation of alcohol in America
-Even president Harding drank in the white house -
Gold Reserve Act & The Gold standard
-Gold & Silver have provided two accepted forms of exchange
-Came to an end in 1933 when Pres. Roosevelt issued an executive order outlawing the ownership of gold, except for jewelry
-Fiat money is printed -
S.E.C Security & exchange Commission
-Was created to watch over the stock market prevent fraud & guard against another stock market collapse
-Part of the Reform in the 2R's
-Required public corporations to register their stock sales -
Gold Reserve act
-U.S. had a bi-metallic system of money
-silver was also traded
-Gold standard came to an end in 1933 when Roosevelt issued an Executive order outlawing the ownership of gold besides jewelry -
Social Security Act
-in the pre-social security era almost no one had any reliable cash-generating form of retirement security
-it is an act to provide for the general welfare by enabling the states to make more adequate provisions for aged people and many others needing assistance -
Huey Long
-US senator & former governor of Louisiana Huey Long promised to give each American family an income of $5,000 a year, to be paid for by taxing the Rich
-Long was assassinated before he was able to mount his campaign against FDR -
William Randolph Hearst
-Hearst's reputation suffered in the 1930s as his political views changed in 1932 he was a major supporter of FDR his news papers throughout 1933
-Hearst broke with FDR in the spring of 1935 when president vetoed the patman bonus bill -
AAA-Agricultural Adjustment Acts
-In 1936 the supreme court declared the AAA constitutional.
-Was a U.S. federal law of the New Deal Era which reduced agricultural productions by paying farmers -
Judicial Procedures Reform Bill
Purpose-to obtain favorable ruling regarding New Deal legislation
Cause-Add more justices to the U.S supreme court
Viewed- The congress saw it as Unconstitutional
issued-He stepped pass presidential power & did not follow check & balance -
Grapes of Wrath
-Author:John Steinback
-Route 66:Main Road of exodus for those feeling from harsh economic and evironmental conditions of the dust bowl
-Oakies-They called immigrant workers this It was a nickname that meant scum.
-they moved to find new means of survival
-mild climates allowed for a long growing season in California & steady income.