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Standford B. Dole
*His Relation w/ U.S -Him & His family made the Dole pineapple Company
*Effects -Played a promint & Active role in the overthrown of Queen Lilvokalame
-Gov. 1900-1903
*Connections-Family had Pineapple plantations.
-Lead the provisinal Gov. while it worked out plans for the U.S to annex the island during Spanish American War -
Alfred Thayer Mahan
-Theodore Roosevelt was one of Mahan's followers
-His book he wrote influence of sea power upon history
-Argued to achieve world power a country headed a power navy
-Naval bases to provide fueling stations -
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Henry Cabot Lodge
-Henry was Republic U.S. senator from (1893-1924)
-Henry Lodge had support of a strong navy which resulted in a relationship w/ Teddy Roosevelt,later differed in domestic matters.
-Lodge was an advocate for American action against Spain 1898.
-Teddy Roosevelt & Henry Lodge wanted to introduce the U.S. to imperialism like the European countries. -
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Expanding Word Power
In this time period, America changes their view from internal expansion and domestic issues to becoming a global force, both economically and militarily. -
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Spanish American War
Causes: America's Support of Cubans and Filipinos against Spanish rule.
Location of Military Action: Philippines, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, Asia Pacific.
Effects of The Peace Treaty: The cession of the Philippines involved a payment of $20 million from the U.S. becomes a world power.
U.S. Military Policy: The Navy was being created as a large defense. -
USS Maine
-In 1898, USS Maine was sent to Havana, To Protect U.S. interests during a Cuban revolt against Spain/
-Although the explosion remains unknown, The hearst & Pulitzer news paper blamed the Spains for sabotage.-Yellow Journalism
-The sinking of Maine set off a fire storm making people protest in the U.S. -
Open Door Policy
-Cause they wanted to build an Empire
-United States did not have a sphere of influence of economic Activities
-Protect American businessmen & Investors that America would shut out of china by the European Powers
-U.S Particiaton would oppose any attempt by other nations to use the rebellion as an excuse to dismember China -
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Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt
Events That Led Him To Become President-Was William McKinley's vice President 1901 in September Roosevelt became president when William was assassinated.
Catch Phrase-"Speak softly and carry a big stick." Do not use verbal threats, but do make others aware that you are prepared to use physical force-(US Navy)
Domestic Policy-Crater Lake National Park wind cave National Park Sully's Hill Platte National Park Mesa Verde National Park -
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Building Of Panamas Canal
Purpose- American leaders & businessmen wanted to ship goods quickly and cheaply B/W Atlantic & Pacific Ocean.
-Colombia owned Panama @ the time. Teddy made a dealwith Panamanian rebels who wanted their independence. Since Colombia did not want to negotiate warships were sent to protect rebels while giving their own country and Gov..
-Roosevelt wanted the canal at once. The construction expenses ranged from Thousands of lives, 10 years, and $4Million. -
Roosevelt Corollary
Policy-It changed so did Monroe Doctrine
Purpose -No European nation to trade with Latin America "Chronic Wrongdoing" a phrase that included large debts of civil unrest which led to US Military action.
How It Was Used- It was considered "Yankee Imperialism" by Latin Americans because instead of helping them they invaded Latin America about 35 times, creating an undisputed sphere of influence throughout the hemisphere "speak softly and carry a big stick" the stick was the US navy. -
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Dollar Diplomacy
Purpose
-Promote American Foreign Policy Goals.
Intended Adv.
-Make America More Money
-Took Place In Caribbean Region
-U.S.Bankers Loaned Money To Latin America Countries If They
Couldn't Repay Loans U.S. Marines Were Sent In To Assure Repayment By Force. -
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Weapons of Total Was (Part B)
Canned food Created to feed soldiers during war, made possible thanks to the creation of tinned cans The food didn't spoil
Poison gas-During the warfare, poison gases based on mustard were used in WW1 but later prohibited by the Geneva Protocol of 1925, later also by the chemical weapons convention of 1993.
-TANKS-Designed for front line combat, was also used as shield from heavy machinery
Airplane-1st used as a reconnaissance plane for the front lines, later equipped. -
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WW1
-Leading by mid-August to the outbreak of WW1 which pitted Germany Austria--Hungary and the ottoman empire against Great Britain, France,Russia,Italy,and Japan
-Militarism
-Alliances
-Imperialism
-Nationalism-Was occurring in Europe while led to the beginning of WW1.
-By the time WW1 ended in the defeat of central powers in November 1918 more than 9 Million soldiers had been killed
-But the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand was the spark that started WW1 -
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Weapon of Total War
A-Submarine(P):go underwater
(E)-Create mines
(C)-Enemy ships
B-Mines(P):To destroy surface ships & submarines.
(E)-To destroy their enemies
(C)-Hamper enemy shipping movements or lock vessels into a harbor
C-Machine guns-(P)-Not carry guns around this made it easier.
(E)-Took up to many men to work(C)to make war killing easier
D-Trench warfare-(P)Protect soldiers from enemies.
(C)-Both sides used same methods which protected them from machine guns
(E)-NOT matched by similar advances in Mobility -
Sinking Of The Lusitania
-The sinking of the Cunard Ocean liner RMS
Lusitania occurred on 05/07/1915 during the
1st WW, as Germany waged submarine
warfare against the UK of Great Britain & Ireland
the British Royal Navy blocked Germany. -
Sinking of Lusitania
-Less than a year after WW1 a German U-Boat the RMS, A British ocean liner route from NY to Liver Pool, England -
German Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
-Germany declared the area around the British Isles a war zone, which all ships would be attacked by the German Navy. A string of attacks on merchant ships followed, culminating in the sinking of the Lusitania by a German U-Boat.
-The incident prompted US President Woodrow Wilson to send a note to the German gov demanding an end to German attacks against unarmed merchant ships, and the German navy commanders, did not accept this degree of passivity, and continued. -
Sussex Pledge
-The Sussex pledge was a promise mad in 1916 during WW1 by Germany to US prior to the latter's entry into the war. Early in 1915 Germany had instituted a policy of unrestricted ships, but not passenger ships to be torpedoed without warning. -
Zimmerman Telegram
-The Zimmerman Telegram was an internal diplomate communication issued 4rm the German Foreign office in Jan/1917 that proposed a military alliance b/w Germany & Mexico in the events of the US entering WW1 vs Germany. -
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America Expeditionary
The AEF consisted of the US Armed forced sent to europe under tyhe command of General John J. Pershing in 1917 to help fight WW1.
-14,000 US soldiers had arrived to France and the AEF had only a minor participation.
-Nickname "Dough Boys" possibly because of the white belt they wore which they used to clean the pipe day or "dough".
-Perish believe in a combat and felt that 3 yrs of trench made allies too defense. American forced to stop German advance. -
Zimmerman Telegram
-This was a massage from the German Foreign Minister to Mexico gov.
-The war between the US and Germany is published on the front pages of newspaper across America to help bring America into WW1 -
Alvin York
-A typical 29 year old draftee who was underprivileged and under educated.
-In the Battle of The Argonne Forest w/ nothing but his pistol and rifle he reportedly killed 25 Germans and captured 132 prisoners.
-He received the Medal of Honer due to his heroic actions. -
Espionage & Sedition Acts
-Interfering with war effort or saying anything disloyal, profane, or abusive about the gov. or war effort.
-Could get you a dine up to $10,000 and sentenced up to 20 years in jail.
-A man by the name of Charles Schenck distributed thousands of flyers to recently drafted men saying "Involuntary Servitude." was taken to trial for this. -
Schenck vs. U.S.
-Charles Schenck was convicted for distributing literature that encouraged men to resist the draft in WW1.
-Schenck claims 1st amendment was violated
-Court ruled there were limits to freedom of speech like " Clear & Present Danger" & shouting "Fire" in a crowded movie theater which is not protected by the 1st amendment. -
Treaty of Versailles
-Viewing Germany as the chief instigator of the conflict, the impose particularly stringent treaty obligations upon the defeated Germany
-Forced Germany to concede territories to Belgium, and Poland.
-The final treaty was not what president Wilson wanted. Only 8 of his 14 were incorporated into the treaty. -
League of Nations
-Intergovernmental organization as a result of the Paris Peace of Conference.
-Purpose was to maintain world peace.
-Weakness-Lacked their own armed forces they depended on the big powers, but they were reluctant to help.
-The league weaken when Several Major powers, such as the US and Russia, failed to join it
-League proved incapable of preventing aggression by axis powers & countries started withdrawing from the league.