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Alfred Thayer Mahan 4B
-Mahan was commissioned in the U.S. Navy in 1859
-Mahan spent 2 decades making his careers in the sea service
-Published book 1660-1783, which focused on advancing state power
-The sea brought immigrants to the shores of the new nation & served as a base for outward trade
-Mahan book expanding westwards assimilating half of the North American continent into its political union -
Alvin York
-Was one of the most decorated soldiers of the US army in WW1
-Received the medal of honor for leading an attack on a German machine gun nest talking 35 Machine guns & killing at least 28 Germans
-Was a hero and inspiration through the world -
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Henry Cabot Lodge
-Henry was a republican U.S. senator
-Henry had support of a strong navy which resulted in a relationship with Teddy Roosevelt, later differed in domestic matters
-Lodge was an advocate for American action in Spain 1898
-Teddy Roosevelt & Henry Lodge wanted to introduce the US imperialism like the European countries -
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Sanford B. Dole
-Dole was a lawyer who led the provisional while it worked out plans for the united states to annex the islands
-When president Cleveland refused to annex Hawaii because of the planters' actions in seizing power, Dole served as Hawaii's president
-After the outbreak of the Spanish - american war, congress then voted to annex in Hawaii in 1898
-Dole served as governor of Hawaii from the 1900 to 1903
-Dole pineapple company was named after him -
USS Maine
-In Jan. 1898, Maine was sent to Cuba to protect the U.S. interest during the Cuba war of independence
-Feb. 15, the Maine exploded in Havana Harbor killing 266 men
-Leaded to the Spanish american war
-Yellow journalism swept the nation & its propaganda helped to participate military action by the U.S.
-This gave the U.S. the opportunity to become an empire -
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Spanish American War
-America's support of Cubans & Filipinos against Spanish rule
-The mysterious explosion of the USS Maine in Havana
-The cession of the Philippines involved a payment of $20 millions from the US to Spain and it helped the US become a world power
-The Navy was being created as a large defense -
Theodore Roosevelt
-He was a rough rider b/c he left post as a naval secretary to become colonel of the first volunteer Calvary
-Roosevelt charges up San Juan hill on his house while the rough riders followed on foot and he became a hero -
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Panama Canal
-President Roosevelt oversaw realization of a long term US goals trans-isthmian canal
-Through the 1800's, America & British leaders & businessman wanted to ship goods quickly & cheaply between the Atlantic & Pacific coast
-International trade influenced the political situation in order to build the canal -
Roosevelt Collary
-Was an addition to the Monroe Doctrine
-Said the US had the right to exercise military force in LAC to keep Europeans out
-Lead the US into conflict with the Caribbean & Central america
-Was important part of American imperialism -
Roosevelt Corollary
-Was an addition to the Monroe doctrine
-Said in the US had the right to exercise military force in LA countries to keep European out
-Lead the US into conflict with the Caribbean and central america
-Was an important part of american imperialism -
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Dollar Diplomacy
-Promote american foreign policy goals
-Make america more money
-Took Place in Caribbean region
-US bankers loaned money to Latin American countries if they couldn't repay loans US Marines were sent to assure repayment by force -
sinking of the Lusitania
-Occurred during the first world war, as Germany waged submarine warfare against the UK
-Killed 1,198
-Contributed to the American entry into WW1 -
Sinking of the Lusitania
-Occurred during the first world war as Germany waged submarine warfare against the UK
-killed 1198
-Contributed to the american entry into the war -
Sussex Pledge
-Promise made in 1916 during WW1 by Germany to the US prior to the later entry into the war
-The Sussex french a french cross-channel passenger ferry was trapped w/o warning on march 24, 1916
-About 50 lives were taken -
Zimmerman Telegram
-International diplomat communication issued from the German foreign office that passed a military alliance between Germany & Mexico in the event of the US entering WW1 against Germany
-Helped generate support for the US declaration of war an Germany in April -
German unrestricted submarine warfare
-Was first introduced in WW1 when Germany declared the area around the British isles in which all merchant ships including those from neutral countries world be attacked by the German navy which led us to the US into war
-Submarines sink vessels such as freighters and tankers w/o warning -
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American Expeditionary Force
-Nicknamed AEF
-Consisted of the US armed forces sent to Europe under the command of General John J.
-Pershing in 1917 to help fight WW1
-A total number of 1.3M made it to France
-AEF fought in France alongside French & British allied forces in the last year of war against German forces
-The men in the army were nicknamed the Dough Boys because of the white belts they wore -
US Soldier Alvin York
-In 1919 US corporal Alvin C. York reportedly kills over 20 German soldiers and captures an additional 132 at the head of a small detachment in the Aragon forest near the Meuse river in France
-Several other american soldiers followed York's lead
-He was given credit for killing more than 20 German soldiers, to the rank of sergeant -
The 14 point plan
-President Woodrow Wilson was the author of the 14 points
-It was a statement of principals for world peace negotiation order to end WW1
-Europeans welcome the plan but congress and Wilson colleagues in France Italy and the united kingdom rejected the plan
-He was awarded a noble peace prize in 1919 for his peace making effort -
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Battle of Aragonne Forest
-Also known as Mass-Argonne offensive or the Meuse-Argonne offensive
-One of the final allied offensives stretched out along the western front & lasted 47 days
-The Meuse-Argonne offensives was the largest in the US military history involving 1.2 million American soldiers
-Killed 26,277 American lives which made it the largest an bloodiest operation of WW1
-The whole point was to weaken the German army to eventually put an end to the war -
Treaty Of Versailles
-It was the peace treaty at the end of the WW1
-It ended the state of war between Germany and the allied powers
-The surrender of Germany colonies of nations mandates
-Wasn't signed by the US
-The provision caused German expansion economic downfall and hyperinflation and vulnerability of the German people and led to the election of Hitler and the Fascist party -
Supreme Court of Schenk V. US
-US Supreme Ct ruled on march 3, 1919
-Schenck responded that the espionage act violated the first amendment of the constitution which forbids congress from making any law abridging the freedom of speech
-"Clear and present danger" test to determine when a state could constitutionally limit on individuals free speech under the 1st amendment
-The court said free speech is not protected from falsely "shouting fire" in a crowded theater & causing panic