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Henry Cabot Lodge
-He strongly supported both imperialism and a stronger navy
-He was in charge of the congressional committee that was in charge of investigating the way the army handed the Filipino rebels
-Was against joining the league of nations and felt US would lose its freedom of action
-Imperialism, A policy of extending a countrys power and influence though diplomacy and military force -
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Alfred Thayer Mahan
-Mahan influenced the US military policy by the ideas in his book the influence of Sea Power upon history
-Mahan's idea influenced naval power by the US seeking new markets abroad through the Navy on the seas and his emphasis upon acquisition of Naval bass the idea ran by the assistant of the Naval Theodore Roosevelt -
Alvin York
-Was one of the most decorated soldiers of the U.S Army in WWI
-Received the medal of honor for leading an attack an a German machine gun nest. taking 35 machine guns killing at least 28 Germans soldiers
-This action accrued during the U.S - Led portion of the broads Meuse - Argonne offensive in France to breach the Hindenburg & make the opposing German forces surrender
-He was inspiration to all through the world -
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Sanford B Dole
-His family developed the dole pineapple company
-The U.S Navy used Hawaii as a Gas station
-He has an active role in the over throw of the monarchy Queen Liliuokalani of Hawaii and was elected as the first president in 1898 for the U.S
-U,S annexed Hawaii during the Sp-Ann war and Dole became Hawaii's 1st Governor -
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Spanish American War
-Was a conflict between united states and spain
-The war was to end Spanish colonial rule in the U.S and a chance for U.S to be an empire
-It was in the Western Pacific and Latin America like Philipines, Samoa, Guam, Wake Island and Cuba
-Congress support a modernization program that would make american Navy effective and strong -
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Battle of San Juan Hill "Rough Riders"
-Assistant secretary of the navy Theodore Roosevelt raised a volunteer force known as the "Rough Riders" acting with other army regiments, They defeated Spanish Forces ar San Juan Hill in Cuba -
Open Door Policy
-Purpose of the policy was to give all nations equal right when trading with china
-The treaty would oppose any attempt by other nations to use the rebellion as an excuses to dismember china
-This policy was the United Sates attempt towards world power -
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Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt
-Roosevelt unexpectedly became the 26th presidents of the U.S after the assassination of McKinley
-Roosevelt "Square Deal" domestic program included a promise to battle large industrial combinations
-Foreign policy was to bring the United act of its Isolationism & fulfill it responsibility as a world power.
-After the death of Garret Herbart, Theodore became vice president -
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Panama Canal
-The Panama Canal is a 50 mile long shortcut for the ships to cross oceans and cut travel time by over 1/2
-The total and final construction cost was just over $400,000,000
-Panama was owned by Columbia when Columbia denied the U.S access so to help build the route the U.S freed panama and helped them develop a country to build the Canal -
Roosevelt Corollary
-Convinced that all of Latin America was vulnerable to European attacks
-President Roosevelt dusted of the Monroe Doctrine and added his own country
-Monroe Doctrine blocked further expansion of Europe in the western hemisphere, Roosevelt corollary
-Was used to justify US intention throughout the hemisphere -
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Dollar Diplomacy
-Was to create stability and order abroad that would best promote american commercial interest
-To improve financial opportunities to use private capital further U.S interest overseas
-Taft administration concentrated in assisting american businessmen in the protection and expansion of investment and trade , especially in Latin America and far East. If Latin American countries did not pay their dept the U.S government sent marines to collect. -
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World War 1
-Central Powers Austria-Hungary, German Empire, Ottoman Empire, Kingdom of Bulgaria, Bosnia, Italy & United States.
-Triple Entente-France,Russia,Great Britain Serbia & Japan
-The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife were gunned down which led to WWI
European Countries All Had
M = Militarism
A = Alliances
I = Imperialism
N = Nationalism -
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Weapons of Total War
-Poison Gas - causes extremely powerful blistering effect on its victims it harass and disable the enemy and pollute the battlefield German's had more chance on winning the battle
-Tanks lead the change across no mans land to protect both the vehicles crew and the men caused by early French Warfare
-Canned Food
-French Directory decided that something needed to be done about the military's food supply
-Food last longer, It was relatively easy to mass-produce and deliver -
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Weapons of Total War (Pt1)
-Submarines - Submarines or U-boats also known as 'underseas boat' were created to fight war sea
-Developed to gain advantage and the warfare
-Extremely effective again merchant ships, and hindering the allies supply line
-Mines - Explosive concealed under water or on ground to destroy or disable enemy targets ranging from combatants to vehicles and tanks as they raised over near it
-Developed to create defensive tactical barriers, channeling attracting forces.
-Deceased the use of sub/boat -
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Weapons of total war part 2
-Machine Guns : Fully Automatic mounted or portable firearm design to fire bullets and quick succession from an ammunition belt.
Developed for rapid firing
One of the most deadliest and devastating weapons
-Trench Warfare: Method of fighting were opposing armies ought from and defended their territories using a system of dig out trenches
to Construct a Thought out system that underwent constant revision
Protected men from machine guns -
Sinking of Lusitania
-Less than a year after WWI a German u-boat the rms, a british ocean inner route from New York to liver pool, England -
Espionage Act
-This Act was designed to crush subversion and silence critics of the war. for those convicted of aiding the enemy obstructing military recruitment protesting conscription or say or doing anything to impede the war effort
-The maximum fine was up to $10,000 and 20 years in federal prison -
Zimmerman Telegram
-This was message from the German Foreign Minister to Mexico Gov.
-The war between the United States and Germany is published on the front page of newspapers across America into WWI -
German Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
-Reason why the U.S joined the war are, When German u-boats sink merchant ships, and also because German u-boats sink the Lusitania, and the merchant ship -
Fourteen Point Plan
-The fourteen point plan ideas were distributed world wide by the government working for George Creel in the American committee on public information.
-Millions of copies of booklets and pamphlets that explained Wilson' s plans were distributed to ailed nations and dropped from planes above Germany.
-Allies agreed to accept the fourteen points as the basis for the coming peace negotiations if Wilson would agree to two reservations -
American Expeditionary Force
-The commanding General was John J. Pershing
-The AEF's nickname was "doughboys"
-They had more than 500,000-1,000,000 men, The AEF sustained about 320,000 casualties and 204,000 wounded during the war
-U.S divisions was deployed with French and British units to gain combat experience by defending relatively quit sectors of there lines. The AEF helped push the allied powers towards victory under the command of General John J. Pershing -
Battle of Aragonne Forest
-The AEF (American Expeditionary Force) assembled 600,000 soldiers + 40,000 pieces of artillery
_A total of 1.2 million Americans were involved 117,000 were killed or wounded
-Fought threw the Hilly Terrain shattered the German line
-Final allied offensive of World War 1 That stretched along the entire western front to help end the war -
Supreme Court
Issue: The first Amendment violated when congress makes a law that punishes opinions against the war.
-Congress passed a law called the Espionage Act which said that during war time obstructing the draft was a crime.
-The court ruled that there is limits to free speech. Free speed is not protected from falsely "shouting fire" in a crowded theater and causing panic!The first Amendment did not protect words that create a "clear and present danger" -
Treaty of Versailles
-The treaty's term was Germany To take the blame, Germany had to give up land to France and 4 other countries, Germany had to pay for all the reparation and the German army was limited to 10,000 men, and The League of nations was created
-The U.S saw this as an unfair punishment, so Woodrow Wilson prepared 14 points
-The U.S was offered to join the League, but turning it down because of foreign affairs, so the U.S went into isolation until the stock market crash -
League of Nations
-The treaty created the league of nations, an organization of nations pledged to defend each other against aggressors
-The United States congress denied president Wilson's 14 point along with the league nation
-The league was severely weakend when several major powers such as the United States + Russia failed to join it -
Sussex Pledge
-The Sussex Pledge was a promise made in 1916 during WWI by Germany to the U.S prior to the latter's entry into the war, early in 1915 Germany had instituted a policy of unrestricted ships, but not passenger ships to be torpedoed