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Alfred Thayer Mahan
mahan influenced the U.S military policy by the ideas in his book the influence of sea power upon history
mahan's idea influence naval power by the U.S seeking new markets abroad through the navy on the seas and his emphasis upon acquisition of naval bass the idea ran by the assistant of the naval Theodore roosevelt -
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Dollar Diplomacy
Was created stability and order abroad that would best promote American commercial interests.
To promote financial opportunities,to use private capital further U.S interests overseas.
Taft administration concentrated in assisting American businessmen in the protection and expansion of investment and trade,especially in Latin america and far east. If Latin american countries did not pay their dept the U.S government sent marines to collect -
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Weapons of total war,c
-canned food in WW1 could be transported safely,survive trench conditions,and spoil. it was developed for preservation and helped feed millions of soldiers
-poison (mustard) gas was used to injured and kill entrenched defenders.this chemical warfare was a major component of the first global war and the first total war of the 20th century -
German unrestricted submarine warfare
-Reasons why the U.S joined the war are, when German u-bats sink merchant ships, and also because German u-boats sink the Lusitania and they also sink a merchant ship -
weapons of total war part 2
Machine guns:
-fully automatic mount or portable fream, designed to fire bullets in a quick succession from an ammunition belt.
-developed for rapid firing
-one of the most deadliest and devastating weapons
Trench warfare :
-method of fighting was opposing enemies fought and defend their territories using a system dog out trenches.
- to construct a thought out system that underwent constant revision
- protected men from machine guns -
fourteen point plan
the fourteen point plan were distributed would wide by the government writing for George creel in the american committee on public information
millions of copies of booklets and pamphlets that explained hilsons plans were distributed to allied nations and dropped from planes above Germany
allies agreed to accept the 14th point as the basis for the country peace negotiations if mison would agree to two resrvations -
Treaty of Versailles
-the treaty terms was Germany to take the blame, Germany had to give up land to France and 4 other countries,Germany had to pay for all the reparations,and the German army was limited to 100,000 men, and the league of nations was created.
-the U.S saw this unfair punishment,so Woodrow Wilson proposed 4 points.
-the U.S was offered to join the league, but turned it down,because of foreign affairs, so the went isolation until the stock market crash -
sinking of louisiana
less than a year after WWI a German u-boat the rms, a british ocean liner route from New York to liner pool,england -
Zimmerman Telegram 1917
-this was a message from the German Foreign Minister to mexico government
-the war between the united states and Germany is published on the front pages of newspapers across america to help bring america into WWI -
American Expeditionary Force
-The commanding general was john J. Pershing
-the AEF'S NICKNAME OF "dough boys"
-they had more than 500,00-1,000,000 men,the AEF sustained about 320.000 casualties and 204,000 during the war
- U.S divisions was deployed with french and British units to gain combat experience by defending relatively quiet sectors of their lines The AEF help push the allied powers towards victory under the command of general john .j .purshing -
Rossevelt Colollary 1904
Theodore Roosevelt
-convinced that all Latin america was vulnerable to European attack
-president Roosevelt dusted of the Monroe doctrine and added his own coloraly
-Monroe doctrine blocked further expansion of Europe in the western hemisphere ,Roosevelt corollary went one step further.
-was used to justify U.S invention through the hemisphere -
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Sussex Pledge
The Sussex Pledge was a promise made in 1916 during WWI by Germany to the U.S prior to the lattes Germany had instituted a policy of unrestricted ships, but not passenger ships to be torpedoed without warning. -
Battle of Aragonne Forest Sep. 26 1918
-The AEF (american expeditionary force) assembled 600,000 soldiers & 40,000 pieces of artillery
-A total of 1.2 million Americans were involved 117,000 were killed or wound
-fought threw the Hilly Terrain shattered German line
-Final allied offensive of world war 1 that streted along the entire western front of help end the war -
Panama Canal
-The Panama canal took 20 years to build.
-The Price of the build was $403
-The U.S helped free Panama from Colombia to get access for the build. -
Spanish American War Apr.16.1898 to Aug. 17,1898
-Was a conflict between United States and Spain
-The war was to end Spanish War colonial rule in the U.S
-It was in the western Pacific and Latin america Samoa,Guam,Wake islands and Cuba
-Congress support a modernization that america Navy effective and strong -
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Would War 1 1914-1918
central powers-Asia -Hungary,German Empire Ohoman Empire, Kingdom of Bulgaria,Bosnia,Italy & United states
Triple Entente-France, Russia,Great Britain,Serbia & Japan
The association of archduke fronz Ferdinand and his wife were gunned down which led to WW1 European Countries All Had M-militarism
A-alliances
I- imperialism
N nationalism -
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Presidency of Theodore roosevelt
Roosevelt unexpectedly became the 26 president of the U.S after the association of McKinley
-Roosevelt "square dual" domestic program included to battle large industrial combinations.
-Foreign policy was to bring the united out of its isolationism
-After the death of great Hobart ,Theodore became president -
supreme court
ISSUE: the first amendment violated when congress make a law that punishes opinions against war.
- congress passed a law called the Esponage Act which said that there is limits to free speech
Free speech is not protected from fasely "shouting fire in a renovated theater and causing panic" The first amendment not protected words that create a clear and present danger. -
Espinage Act june 15,1917
The act was designed to crush subversion and silence critics of the war for those convicted of aiding the enemy obstructing military recruitment,protesting conscription,or say or doing anything to impede the war effort
The maximum fine was up to $10,000 and 20 years in federal prison -
open door policy 1899
-the purpose of the policy to give all nations equal rights when trating with china
-the treaty would oppose only attempted by other nations to use the rebellion as an excuse to dismember china
-this policy was the united stares attempt towards world power -
Henry Cabot loged
- He strongly supported both imperialism and stronger navy
- He was in change of the congressional committee that was in charge of investigating the way the army handed the Filipino rebels -was against joining the league of natinos and felt US would loose its freedom of action imperialism, a policy of extending a country's power and influence though diplomacy and military force
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Sanford b. dole 1893-1898
-his family developed the dole pineapple company
-the US navy used Hawaii as a gas station
- He had an active role in the overthrow of the monarchy Queen Liluokalani of the Hawaii during the first president in 1893 for the US
-us annexed Hawaii during the Sp-am war and dole became Hawaii 1st governer -
alvin york
was one of the most decorated solders of the US army in WW1
received the medal of honor for leading an attack an a German machine guns killing at least 28 German solders
this action accrued during the US -led portion of the broad Meuse -anyone offensive in France to breach the Hindenburg & make the opposing German forces surrender
-He was inspiration to all through the world -
open door policy
-Purpose of the policy was to give all nations equal right when trading with china
-The treaty would oppose any attempt by other nations to use rebellion as an excuses to dismember china
-This policy was the United States attempt towards world power