-
alfred thayer mahan
-Theodore Roosevelt was one of mahans followers the book he wrote the influence of sea power upon history argued to achieve world power a country headed a power navy -
henery cabot lodge
-helped write the sherman anti-trust act
-in the senate he advocated milatary srength as the best topic for peace for imperalism
-conserative republican u.s senator from 1893-1924
impenalium-policy of extending a country power & influence through diplomacy or milatary force -
Period: to
stanford b dole
*his relation w/ u.s- his family & him created the dole pineapple company
*effects- played a prominent & active role in the overthrown of queen Liliuokalani
gov. 1900-1903
*connections-family had pineapple plantations led to the provisinal gov. while it worked out plans for the u.s to annex the islands during spanish american war -
uss maine
-in 1898 uss miane was sent to havana to protect us intrest during a cuban revolt against spain
although the explosion remains unknown ,the hearst & pultizer new spacebranned the spians from sabatoge
-the sinking of maine set off a fire storm making the people protest in the u.s -
Period: to
the spanish american war
*cause-u.s wanted to become empire, u.s intervention for the cuban partritos against spain from the 1870 to 1898
*locations of war-manila bay in the philippines on may 1,1898
cerveza led the spanish to santiago july 3 & tried to escape west would along the coast
*effects of treaty- treaty of paris ended the spanish american war
made u.s a world power
*u.s military after war-made its navy stronger, because they thought a strong navy was essentials to defend trade & grow international intrests -
Period: to
expanding worl power
in this time period , America changes their view from expansion and domestic issues to becoming a global force , both economically & military. -
open door policy
-john hays sent all thru imperial countries a letter called the open door note,which urged them to announce that in their spheres of influence
-they would respect Chinese rights &the idea of fair competition
-the purpose was to give all naturals equal rights when trading w/ china, so other euro nations wouldn't use the boxer rebellion to take over china
was aimed to enhance global trade & promote china welfare & sovereignty -
open door policy
-cause they wanted to build an empire
-u.s did not have a sphere of influence of economic activities
-protect American businessmen and inventors that American would shut out of china by the European powers
-u.s participation would oppose any attempt by other nations to use the rebellion as an excuse to dismember china -
Period: to
panama canal
-built to shorten distance ships had to pass b/c Atlantic & pacific oceans
-transport cargos quicker
-u.s made a new country (panama) by negotiating with panama rebels & over thrown colubian gov.
-construction of canal cost thousands of lives & $400 million -
roosevelt corollary
-changed/stated purpose- to change monroe doctrine to keep european nations out of latin american based his latin policy on a west african proverb that said "speak softly & carry a big stick"
"force the u.s to exercise of an international police power"
-actually did- u.s would now use force to protect its economic intrest in latin amerian -
Period: to
dollar diplomacy
purpose-promote american foreign policy goals.
intended advantages-make america more money
-took place in carribean region
-u.s bankers banned money to latin american countries if they couldnt repay loans u.s marines were sent in to assure repayment by force -
WW1
-central powers consist of australia-hungary,germany,bulgaria & the ottoman empire
-allied powers are serbia,russia,france,the UK,italy, belgium,bosnia & the US
-THE CAUSE of the war assisination of archuduke franz ferdinand at sarajevo on june 28,1914 -
Period: to
weapons of total war PART B
*CANNED FOODS-created to feed soldiers during war made possible thanks to the creation of tinned cans.the food didnt spoil for the man in the trenches
*poison gas-during the warfare gases based on mustard were used in WW1but later prohibited by the geneve protocol of 1925, later also by the chemaical wepons.
*tanks-designed for front line combat was also used as shield from heavy machinery had heavy power.
*airplane-1st used as reconnaissance plane for the frontlines later equipped withweapon -
Period: to
weapons of total war
*submarine-to go under water created mines (under water bombs)enemy ships.
*mines-to destroy surface ships, submarines.destroy their enemy. to hamper enemy shipping moments or lock vessels into a harbor.
*machine guns-not carry guns around,this made it easier.took up to many men to work.to make war killing easier.
*trench welfare-protect soldiers from enemy's.not matched by similar advances in mobility.caused both sides to use same method which protected them from machine guns. -
sinking of the lusitania
-the sinking of the cunard ocean liner RMS lusitania occured on 05/07/1915 during the 1st world war , as germany waged submarine warfare against the united kingdom of great britian & ireland the british royal navy blocked germany -
sussex pledge
- the sus sex pledge was a promise made in 1916 during ww1 by Germany to the us early in 1915, Germany had instituted policy of unrestricted submarine in welfare,allowing armed merchant ships , but NOT passenger ships to be torpedoed w/out warning
-
zimmerman telegram
-the Zimmerman telegram was an internal diplomatic communication issued 4rm the German foreign office in Jan/1917 that proposed a military alliance b/w Germany & Mex. in the event of the u.s entering ww1 vs. Germany -
german unrestricted submarine welfare
0unrestricted submarine welfare was 1st introduced in ww1 in early 1915, when germany declared the area around the british isles a war zone , in which all merchant ships including those from neutral countries , they will be attacked ny the german navy -
espionage act
-the act was designed to crush subversion & silence critics of the war. for those convicted of aiding the enemy obstructing military recruitment,protesting,conscription,or say or doing anything to impede the war effort
-the max. fine was up to $810,000 & 20 years in federal prison -
battle of argonne forest
-the AEF assembled 600,000 soldiers +40,000 pieces of artillery
-a total of 1.2 million Americans were involved 117,000were killed or wounded.
-fought through the hilly terrain shattered the German line
-final allied offensive of WW1 that structured along the entire western front to help end the war -
ALUIN YORK
-lead an attack on a German machine gun nest
-was one of the most decorated soldiers of the u.s army in WW1
-received the medal of honor
-he killed 25 Germans & captured 132 prisoners -
scheneck vs. u.s
-Charles schenck was convicted for distributions literature that encouragement to resit the draft in WW1
-SCHENCK CLAIMS 1ST AMENDMENT was violated
-court ruled there were limits to freedom of speech like :clear & present danger & shouting fire in a crowded movie theater which is not protected by the 1st amendment -
league of nations
intergovernmental org. as a result of the paris peace conference purpose was to maintain world peace
weakness lacked there own armed forces they depended on the great powers but they were reluctant to help
the league severely weakened when several major powers such as the u.s & Russia failed to join it league proved incapable of preventing aggression by axis powers & countries started w/ the league -
american rxpedition force
the AEF consisted of the u.s armed forces sent to eurpoe under the command of general john j pershing in 1917 to help fight
-14,000 u.s soldiers had arrived in france and the AEF had only a minor participation nickname; dough boys ; possibly because of the white belt they wore which they clean the pipe day or dough
pershing belive in combat & felt that 3yrs of trench welfare made allies too defense american forced to stop german advance