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In the case now known as Brown v. Board of Education, the U.S. Supreme Court declared that racial segregation in public schools is unconstitutional in the US. The ruling greatly overturned the Court's Plessy v. Ferguson decision from 1896, which stated that racial segregation laws did not violate the U.S. Constitution as long as the amenities for each race were of similar quality a concept that became known as "separate but equal." -
This boycott was cause by Rosa Parks refusing to sit in the back of the bus. The one-day boycott was so successful that the MIA decided to extend it, they chose Dr. Martin to lead it. To make the boycott work African Americans set up an elaborate carpool system. The boycott had lasted 381 days. The boycott ended on December 20 because of the ruling in November saying how segregation on buses was unconstitutional. -
The Little Rock Nine were a group of nine Black students that enrolled in the Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, which used to accept only white students. Their presence at the school was as a test for the Supreme Court decision Brown v. Board of Education, which ruled that segregation in public schools was unconstitutional.
many protested. Soon after, federal troops were sent by President Dwight D. Eisenhower to guard them as they entered the school. -
Sit-ins began when young African Americans sat down at a lunch counter in Greensboro, they ordered food and were refused service. They stayed until the store closed. This caught many people's attention and action started to spread. Protesters began to boycott and begin sit-ins all throughout the South. This lasted month until local businesses and many other businesses gave in in the South. -
In 1960, the Supreme Court ruled that segregation in integrate transport is illegal.
Seven black and 2 white people boarded the bus to test the ruling. They were followed, attacked and beaten. When they arrived in their final stop, they were arrested. By late 1962 the interstate commerce commission issued clear rules stating that buses involved in interstate travel must be integrated. -
The Birmingham Campaign was a significant civil rights movement action conducted by the Southern Christian Leadership Conference in April and May 1963 to draw attention to local Black leaders' efforts to remove legal racial segregation in public spaces in Birmingham, Alabama. Many people were arrested and injured. -
More than 250,000 people marched to Washington for civil rights, employment, decent housing, and voting rights. The march was a success. By July 2, 1964 the Civil Rights Act was passed and signed into law. The act banned discrimination on the basis of race, sex, religion, or national origin. -
The Civil Rights Act of 1964, which outlawed employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin and put a stop to segregation in public spaces. Lyndon B. Johnson, the president who succeeded John F. Kennedy signed it into law after it withstood strong objections from southern members of Congress. -
This act ensures that eligible voters were not turned away. This act was possible because of the daily marches that were held at the Dallas County Courthouse.