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in the central and eastern parts of England were conquered by the Romans
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the military conquest of England by William, duke of Normandy, primarily effected by his decisive victory at the Battle of Hastings (October 14, 1066) and resulting ultimately in profound political, administrative, and social changes in the British Isles.
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The Magna Carta provided the foundation for individual rights in Anglo-American jurisprudence.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Magna-Carta -
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Landlords cleared the peasantry from the rural landscape to create fields enclosed by hedgerows and fences and began to derive profit from new, scientific methods of intensive agricultural production rather than relying the meager tithes and rents paid by peasant smallholders. This displaced large numbers of rural people, who were forced to emigrate to the overseas colonies or migrate to the new sites of industrial production.
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The populations of Glasgow, Manchester, Liverpool, and Birmingham doubled or tripled.
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Britain had the world's largest and most powerful navy, and within twenty years steam railways and steam-powered ships designed by British engineers were carrying passengers and cargo for profit, allowing British shipping companies to dominate world trade.
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Rapid industrialization caused overcrowding and disease; cholera epidemics provoked public unrest and forced the government to improve public health.
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It ended the political privileges of landed wealth by extending the vote to middle-class male heads of household.
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A separatist movement led to it. Twenty-six of Ireland's thirty-two counties became the independent Irish Free State (later the Republic of Ireland), with six of the nine counties of Ulster remaining within the United Kingdom.
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The nation was in debt to the International Monetary Fund. The discovery of oil in the North Sea in the 1970s saved the country from bankruptcy and stimulated economic recovery.
