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White Primary Abolished in GA
This was the way that people kept blacks from voting previous to the Civil War. This worked because while blacks were allowed to vote, people decided they were not allowed to vote in primary elections. This basically took away all the voting rights away from blacks because the primary election determined who you could vote for in a state with only one party. When blacks voted in the general election, the primary had already chosen the one who would win. (Continued on next event) -
White Primary Abolished in GA
In a case called King vs. Chapman, white primaries were decided to b unconstitutional and were gotten rid of. Later that year, blacks were allowed to vote in the primary. Website link:http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-3610 Picture link:http://www.reedsburgwi.gov/index.asp?Type=B_EV&SEC=%7B48E52EE5-A02E-4E50-946B-ACEF75822148%7D -
Integration of the Armed Forces
The Integration of Armed Forces was signed by Harry S. Truman so blacks and whites could both be in the Armed Forces together. This was important because blacks had never been able to have the right to serve their country by fighting for it. It was made sure that all blacks who joined the Armed Forces were treated the same as whites. Website link:http://tw0.us/TV
Picture link: http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/desegregation/large/index.php?action=chronology -
Brown vs. Board of Education
Brown vs. Board of Education was when a group of parents, including Oliver Brown, who wanted the segregation in schools to end. As a result of this case, the verdict previous case of Plessy vs. Ferguson was overwritten and it was decided that separate but equal facilities was not effective and that having the black students away from the white students was creating issues with the black children when it came to being social. -
Brown vs. Board of Education
Website link:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_v._Board_of_Education
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Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott
(Continued) After 381 days of boycotting, segregation on busses was declared illegal in Alabama. Website link: http://www.holidays.net/mlk/rosa.htm Picture link:http://www.bapwd.com/Rosa_Parks.htm -
Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott
Rosa Parks was an African American woman who was arrested for not letting a white person have her seat in Montgomery, Alabama. After this, African Americans started boycotting the busses and instead they walked, drove, carpooled with friends, or even rode animals to their destinations. So many African Americans contributed to this at the same times because there was a meeting led by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Dr. King said that they must boycott the busses in order to stop bus segregation. After -
Change to Georgia's State Flag
In 1956, the Georgia state flag was changed to resemble the confederate flag. The change was made to represent and remember the civil war, but some people say that the change was actually made to protest integration in schools. Eventually, people started showing disapproval towards the flag. Some city officials even refused to fly the flag. Finally, in 1998, the flag was changed.
Website link:http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-2671
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Crisis at Central High School and the "Little Rock Nine"
• The Crisis at Central High School started when it was agreed that integration in schools was legal and there were nine black students sent to Central High School. Those nine students were known as the “Little Rock Nine.” When it was found out that the Little Rock Nine were going to be at that school, people protested and made it almost impossible for the students to get inside the school. (Continued) -
Crisis at Central High School and the "Little Rock Nine"
. The National Guard had to be called to get the children inside the school because of the group of people outside the school were being very violent, but even so, the black students could not get inside on the first day. They tried again the next day but were told to leave by the National Guard. Eventually, they were allowed to enter the school and learn there after the 101st Airborne Division had been sent to Central High School and each student had their own personal guard. (Continued) -
Crisis at Central High School and the "Little Rock Nine"
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Hebrew Benevolent Congregation in ATL bombed
The bombing was when about 50 sticks of dynamite were used to destroy a Jewish Temple in Atlanta. This was the fourth synagogue bombed recently. The Temple was a likely target because recently, Jacob Rothschild, who had a lot to do with the synagogue, had given his opinion in segregation and while some people agreed with him, others did not. He also supported an article about obedience to law and communication of separate races.
Website link:http://tw0.us/Te
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Sibley Commission
• The Sibley Commission’s purpose was to go and find out what people thought about integration. The commission was named after John Sibley. What the Sibley Commission found was that 60% of people asked wanted total segregation. The reason the commission was founded in the first place was because Governor Ernest Vandiver Jr. needed to make a decision on whether he should close the public schools or desegregate them.
Website link: http://tw0.us/Ys
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Freedom Rides
Freedom Rides were when people called Freedom Riders would test the new laws that said that there could be no more segregation on the buses. Sometimes, the Freedom Riders would meet resistance and were attacked, but in Georgia, the Freedom Riders really were not bothered that much and if they went to lunch, they were served a lot of the time.
Website link:http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-3618&sug=y
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Integration of University of Georgia
• The Integration of the University of Georgia was when Judge W. A. Bootle decided that Hamilton Holmes and Charlayne Hunter had to be allowed to go to the University of Georgia. This was decided on January 6. However, on January 11, a mob of angry people were outside Charlayne Hunter’s dorm. Afterwards, the state laws were repealed regarding integration of schools.
Website link:http://crdl.usg.edu/events/uga_integration/?Welcome
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Albany Movement
The Albany Movement was when over 1,000 African Americans protested non-violently in Albany. These protesters included Martin Luther King Jr. After eight months, Dr. King left Albany due to the fact that the goal of the Albany movement had not been accomplished. However, Albany was very important because it helped Martin Luther King Jr. know what he did wrong and it helped him in Birmingham.
Website link:http://tw0.us/Z1
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Birmingham, Alabama Protests
• The Birmingham Protests were used to protest unequal treatment of African Americans in Birmingham, Alabama. Eventually, after protesting for a while, some of the laws regarding discrimination were changed. People, including Martin Luther King Jr., demonstrated nonviolent protest and directly defied laws that they thought were unfair. (Continued) -
Birmingham, Alabama Protests
Martin Luther King Jr said this about direct action in protesting, “The purpose of… direct action is to create a situation so crisis-packed that it will inevitably open the door to negotiation.” Website link:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birmingham_campaign
Picture link:http://www.crmvet.org/images/imgbham.htm -
March on Washington DC
• The March on Washington was quite possibly one of the biggest political rallies for rights in the history of the United States. This was the rally in which Martin Luther King Jr. Made his famous “I Have a Dream” speech at the Lincoln Memorial. The theme for the march was “Jobs and Freedom” and the approximate amount of people there who were marching was about 300,000. Also, there were not only black people there. Only about 80% were black while the others were white or other races. (Continued) -
March on Washington DC
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16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham bombed
The bombing happened on a Sunday and the explosion killed four African American girls. The reason the church was bombed was because it had been a rally point for civil rights meetings and other gatherings earlier before the bombing and some students had been trained for the Birmingham Protests. Also, leaders like Martin Luther King Jr. had met with each other there too. This made the church, unfortunately, a likely target.
Website link:http://tw0.us/Vr
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John F. Kennedy Assassination
John F. Kennedy was shot while going somewhere with his wife and the governor of Texas and his wife. It has been determined that the killer was a man named Lee Harvey Oswald and that he had no accomplice. Also, before Oswald could go to his trial, a man named Jack Ruby killed him. While this has been what decidedly happened and who did it, some people still say that there might have been a cover-up or another side to the story of how he died.
Weblink: http://tw0.us/ZA
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Civil Rights Act 1964 Passed
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 made most forms of discrimination and segregation against African Americans and women illegal. Segregation in schools, in workplaces, in public facilities, and voting. At first, enforcing the act was not a major priority, but over a while, it started being enforced more and more. It was signed by President Lyndon B. Johnson on July 2, 1964.
Website link: http://tw0.us/V3
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Voting Rights Act of 1965 Passed
The Voting Rights Act of 1965 basically got rid of all the previously passed laws about voting that has been passed during reconstruction. These laws included poll taxes, residency requirements, literacy tests and grandfather clauses. Website link:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerrymandering#Voting_Rights_Act_of_1965
Picture link: http://faculty.smu.edu/dsimon/Change-CivRts2.html -
Summerhill Race Riot (Atlanta)
The Summerhill Race Riot was when the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee was accused of provoking violence. Once the riot was over, one person was dead and twenty other people were injured. The mayor at the time was named Ivan Allen Jr. He went there duing the riot and asked for the rioters to stop and helped the police and local leaders to stop the fighting.
Website link: http://tw0.us/Yt
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MLK Assassinated
Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated on April 4, 1968. He was standing on a balcony when he was shot and fell on the ground unconscious. He was rushed to a hospital, but never regained consciousness and was pronounced dead about an hour after he was shot. The murderer was a man named James Earl Ray, who was a fugitive, and he was caught in London about 2 months later.
Website link:http://tw0.us/ZF
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All GA Schools Integrated
All Georgia schools were finally integrated in 1971. After Brown vs. Board of Education, The Crisis at Central High School and the Little Rock Nine, The Sibley Commission, and The Integration of The University of Georgia, all Georgia schools were finally integrated.
