-
The issue of slavery was thought to be solved with the Compromise of 1820.
-
The idea that states had the right to defy the national government was hardly new. It had been asserted in the Kentucky and Virginia Resolution of 1798 and 1799 amd by South Carolina in 1828.
-
IN the 1830s Alexis de Tocqueville was a French visitor that took a journry on the Ohio River. He saw many differences between the left and right banks.
-
Belle Boyd lived from 1844-1900.
-
By 1846 the North had gained power in the House of Representatives toward free states. Southerner feared that they would take over the Senate to and take away slavery.
-
In 1846 it was clear to congress that President Polk inteneded to keep California from Mexico. Everyone wanted to know if it was a free or slave state. Wilmot Proviso tryed to have a law passed saying that slavery was not alowed in California but it did not pass.
-
After the Mexican War ended in 1848 the dispute over slavery heated up. California asked to be admitted as a free stat. Southerns tryed to spilt California in half but North would not let that happen.
-
When the Wilmot Proviso failed agian in 1848, the northerners formed a new political party called the Free-Soil Party. The Free-Soil Party demanded an end to slavery. Later the Free-Soil Party won 13 seats in Congress in the election of 1848.
-
In the mid-1800s the North and the South had different systems and cultures. The North grow rapidly. Starting in 1840s, thousands of Irish and Germans immigrated to America but stayed North becasue they did not want to deal with slavery in the South. By the 1850s the North had more wealth, factories, more and bigger cities, and more people that the South.
-
Public Pressure forced Congress to vote for Clay's Compromise of 1850.
Details.
1) California was a Free State
2) Other Mexican area would follow the Popular Sovereignty
3) Slave trade would stop in Washington D.C.
4) The Fugitive Slave Law was passed stating that North people had to help catch and reture run away slaves. -
In 1852 Harriet Beecher Stowe published a book called Uncle Tom's Cabin. The book told of a kind, hardworking slave, Uncle Tom, and his mistreatment by a cruel master.
-
In 1854 the slavery issue once more ectered the halls of Congress.The cause was a proposal to build a transcontinental railroad (a railroad running completely across the continent.
-
After the Kansas-Nebraska Act an anitslavery group started in the north called the Republican Party in the summer of 1854. (Same one today) The Republican party grew popular and later had 35 of the 42 northern Democrats seats in the the 1854 election.
-
By the early 1856 Kansas had two governments, an official proslavery government and an unofficial antislavery government.
-
Is May 1856 a proslavery group attacked the Kansas town of Lawrence, burning homes and stores. The issue of Kansas, slave or free, would not resolve itself until 1861, the year Kansas entered the Union as a free state.
-
In 1857 the Supreme Court got a case on Missouri slave named Dred Scott. His mastered died when traveling and they were traveling in a free state. He made a clam that he should therefore be free.
-
In the 1858 congressional elections, the Republicans again campaigned against northern Democrats willing to make a deal with the South.
-
On October 16, 1859, John Brown and 18 followers--- 13 whites and 5 blacks-- attacked the US arsenal at Harpers Ferry in western Virginia
-
In the election of 1860 Southreners thought that every Northerner was an emeny. It seemed to be to different races. In the South the main comprteders were Breckinrigde and Bell. And in the North Lincoln and Douglas. Lincoln won.
-
The South wanted to leave the US. South Carolina led the was, seceding - formal leaving a union - from the Union on December 20, 1860.
-
In may 1861 the Confederate Congress woted to set up its capital in Richmond, Virginia.This was a gesture of defiance against the North.
-
In 1861 Europe had plenty of cotten, but this plan failed. So the next year the South started to sell to Europe if they could make it through the blockade.
-
In 1861 the Confederates took the captured war ship Merrimack and use its new tecnology, iron warships, to improve the boat. It went in on the Virgiana coast in March 1862, the Merrimack (renamed the Virginia) destroyed two wooden Union warships.
-
In 1861 a one dollar bill is equal to seven dollars now.
-
In January 1861 President Buchanan had sent a ship carrying men and supplies to Fort Sumter. It had turned back when fired upon by South Carolina gunners.
-
In 1861 the Union was completely unprepared for war. Its forces had little trianing. Many soldiers were city residents who had never ridden a horse or fired a gun.
-
To pay for the war, the government set up the first federal income tax in 1861. Congress also funded a transcontinental railroad, gave western land to settlers, and provided for state colleges. The growth in federal power would continue long after the guns of war had fallen silent.
-
In February 1861 the seceding - formaly leaving a Union - states formed a new nation, the Confederate States of America, or the Confederacy.
-
On April 4, 1861, Lincoln announced that he was sending relief expeditions to both Fort Sumter and Fort Pickens. By him announcing that it ment he would fight. Confederate leaders decided to attack Fort Sumter before the supply ship arrived. At 4:30 A.M. on April 12, they shot at them.Anderson Surrendered and that was the state of the Civil War.
-
On April 15, 1861, President Lincoln called on the states to provide 75,000 militiamen for 90 days to fight against the South.
-
On July 18, 1861, Union troops began to march to Manassas. They were raw recruits who had signed up for only 90 days of service. It took them 3 days to get to the battle.
-
On July 21 a group of sightseers and picnickers rode to the battle to watch. They brought gowns because they thought the day would end in a ball.
-
The Confederacy was slower to accept women as nurses, but by 1862, they too were part of the Confederate army.
-
By the end of the summer of 1862, southren troops had the banks of Potomac again, after the Seven Days' Battle.
-
IN 1862 General Lee attacked the Union in the Fall.
-
In the spring of 1862 George B. Mcclellan finally made his move. He planned to attack Richmond by way of the York Penninsula, a stretch of land between the York and James rivers.
-
Union troops in the West spent most of 1861 preparing for war. In February 1862 General Ulysses S. Grant made a bold move to take Tennessee.
-
On March 7, 1862 the two armys collided at Pea Ridge. The Confederates with 16,000 and Union with 11,000. the Confederates lost.
-
Enforcing the Blockade became much easier as the Union took most of the Confederacy's major harbors. By April 1862, the Union had gotten control of most of the large harbors on the Atlantic. The blockade tightened. In 1864 a runner stood 1 in 3 chance of getting captured. In 1865 it was a 1 in 2 chance.
-
Marching Albert S. Johnston troops north from Corinth, on April 6, 1862, he surprised the Union forsed at the Battle of Shiloh. It was the fiercest fighting the Civil War had seen yet.
-
On April 25, 1862, a Union fleet led by David Farragut took New Orleans.
-
In September 17, 1862 at Antietam Creek near Sharpsburg, Marland the 2 armies fought. It was called the Battle of Antietam. The South lost.
-
Lincoln was trying to find a person who would attack General Lee. Ambrose Burnside failed to impress and lost his job as comander in December 1862 when Lee defeated him at Fredericksburg, Virginia.
-
After the Battle of Antietam, President Lincoln announced that he would free all slaves in the rebelling states as of January 1, 1863. On New Year's Day in 1863, the President issued the Emancipation Proclamation.
-
As of 1863 free blacks in Louisiana, Kansas, and the South Carolina Sea Island formed their own units.
-
Fort Wagner was tryed to be captured in 1863. The Fort was in South Carolina.
-
In the Summer of 1863 Lee decided to head north once again, this time from the Shenandoah Valley into Pennsylvania.
-
In 1863 protesters against the draft - a draft, also called conscription, is a system of choosing peoplefor requiered military service - battled police and soldiers in the streets of New York City.
-
Late in 1863 Grant seized the important reailroad center of Chattanooga, Tennessee. Now the North had another way to get in to the South.
-
The Confederates lost the Battle of Gettysburg because Lee had old technolog. By 1863, rifles had replaced the old, inaccurate muskets that the soldiers on both sides of the war.
-
In June 1863, Lee's army crossed into the fertile farmlands of southern Pennsylvania.
-
On July 1, 1863 Lee sent some soldiers into Gettysbury to get a suppy of shoes. There they stumbled upon some Union cavalry, and the Battle of Gettysburg was on.
-
In November 1863 President Lincoln mad the journey to the Pennsylvania toen of Gettysburg to dedicat the cemetery in which about 6,000 battle dead lay buried.
-
In the spring of 1864, Grant was in Washington. His plan was to attack the Confederacy on all frounts.
-
William Tecumseh Sherman took Atlanta in September 1864.
-
In December 1864 Sherman's army reached the port city of Savannah, Georgia.
-
The war changed how people thought about the US. After 1865, people no longer said, " the United States are," but instead, "the United States is."
-
By the spring of 1865, Grant had an army twice the size of Lee's. In addition, Sherman was moving north from Savannah.
-
ON April 9, 1865, in a small Virginia town of Appomattox Courthouse, Lee and Grant were arranged the terms of surrender for Lee.
-
Lincoln was assassinated in the threater by John Wilkes Booth. He died in the morning of April 15, 1865. He was the first assassinated President.
