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19th Amendment
Provides men and women with equal voting rights. The amendment states that the right of citizens to vote "shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex." -
Civil Disobedience
The refusal to comply with certain laws or to pay taxes and fines, as a peaceful form of political protest. -
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Black Codes
Were laws passed by Southern states in 1865 and 1866, after the Civil War. These laws had the intent and the effect of restricting African Americans' freedom, and of compelling them to work in a labor economy based on low wages or debt. -
13th Amendment
Passed by Congress on January 31, 1865, and ratified on December 6, 1865, the 13th amendment abolished slavery in the United States and provides that "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. -
14th Amendment
Addresses citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws, and was proposed in response to issues related to former slaves following the American Civil War. -
15th Amendment
Prohibits the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude. -
Sharecropping
A system of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on their portion of land. -
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Jim Crow Laws
NO DATE GIVEN, were state and local laws enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States. Enacted after the Reconstruction period -
Lynching
An extrajudicial punishment by an informal group. It is most often used to characterize informal public executions by a mob, often by hanging, in order to punish an alleged transgressor, or to intimidate a minority group. -
Plessy vs. Ferguson
Was a landmark United States Supreme Court decision upholding the constitutionality of state laws requiring racial segregation in public facilities under the doctrine of "separate but equal" -
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Thurgood Marshall
Thurgood Marshall was an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court, serving from October 1967 until October 1991. Marshall was the Court's 96th justice and its first African-American justice. -
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Orville Faubus
Was the Democratic Governor of Arkansas from 1955 to 1967, famously known for his vigorous stand against the desegregation of Little Rock Central High School in 1957. -
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Rosa Parks
Rosa Louise McCauley Parks was an African-American Civil Rights activist, whom the United States Congress called "the first lady of civil rights" and "the mother of the freedom movement". One of the first black woman who refuse to give up her bus seat for a white man. -
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Hector P. Garcia
Was a Mexican-American physician, surgeon, World War II veteran, civil rights advocate, and founder of the American G.I. Forum. -
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Lester Maddox
An American politician who was the 75th Governor of the U.S. state of Georgia from 1967 to 1971. -
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George Wallace
Was a four-time governor of Alabama and three-time presidential hopeful. He is best remembered for his 1960s segregationist politics. -
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Betty Friedan
Writer, feminist and women's rights activist Betty Friedan wrote The Feminine Mystique (1963) and co-founded the National Organization for Women. -
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Cesar Chavez
Union leader and labor organizer Cesar Chavez dedicated his life to improving treatment, pay and working conditions for farm workers. -
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Matin Luther King Jr.
Martin Luther King, Jr. was an American Baptist minister, activist, humanitarian, and leader in the African-American Civil Rights Movement. Famous speech during the movement "I have a dream..." speech. -
20t Amendment
That sets the dates at which federal (United States) government elected offices end. In also defines who succeeds the president if the president dies. -
Federal Housing Authority
Is a United States government agency created as part of the National Housing Act of 1934. It sets standards for construction and underwriting and insures loans made by banks and other private lenders for home building. -
Brown vs. Board
Was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional. -
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Montgemery Bus Boycott
A seminal event in the U.S. Civil Rights Movement, was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama. -
Civil Rights Act of 1957
President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed into law the Civil Rights Act of 1957, the first federal civil rights legislation to be enacted since Reconstruction. -
Upward Bound
A national program that more than doubles the chances of low-income, first-generation students graduating from college so they can escape poverty and enter the middle class. -
Sit-Ins
Four African American college students walked up to a whites-only lunch counter at the local WoolWorth's store in Greensboro, North Carolina, and asked for coffee. When service was refused, the students sat patiently. Despite threats and intimidation, the students sat quietly and waited to be served. -
Affirmative Action
Or positive discrimination (known as employment equity in Canada, reservation in India and Nepal, and positive action in the UK) is the policy of favoring members of a disadvantaged group who suffer from discrimination within a culture. -
Desegregation
t=The process of ending the separation of two groups usually referring to races. This is most commonly used in reference to the United States. -
24th Amendment
Prohibiting any poll tax in elections for federal officials. -
Nonviolent Protest
The doctrine, policy, or practice of rejecting violence in favor of peaceful tactics as a means of gaining political objectives. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Ended segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin, is considered one of the crowning legislative achievements of the civil rights movement. First proposed by President John F. Kennedy, it survived strong opposition from southern members of Congress and was then signed into law by Kennedy’s successor, Lyndon B. Johnson. -
Voting Rights of Act 1965
It outlawed the discriminatory voting practices adopted in many southern states after the Civil War, including literacy tests as a prerequisite to voting. The acr was signed by President Lyndon Johnson. -
Head Start
The Head Start Program is a program of the United States Department of Health and Human Services that provides comprehensive early childhood education, health, nutrition, and parent involvement services to low-income children and their families -
26th Amendment
The right of citizens of the United States, who are 18 years of age or older, to vote, shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any state on account of age. -
Title IX (9)
No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving federal financial assistance.