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Sykes-Picot Agreement
The Sykes-Picot Agreement was a pact signed between France and Britain to take certain Turkish territories through the Great War. Made during the war, the aim was to divide the territories that would very reasonably be removed from the Turks. France were meant to be given Syria, Lebanon, and parts of Northern Iraq. Britain was to gain Palestine, Jordan, and Southern Iraq. Russia was initially included, but were cut due to the Bolshevik Revolution. Italy gained territory, but only temporarily. -
The Treaty of Brest Litovsk
This treaty was signed between Germany and the Russian Empire after a stalemate was reached between them on Germany's Eastern front. Germany demanded that reparations be paid, but most crucially, Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia were all given to Germany. This agreement was made outside the League, and had no moderators. The Treaty was cancelled through the Versailles Settlement with Germany after the war, in June 1919, and Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania were set up as independent states. -
Treaty of Versailles with Germany 2-Territory
Germany lost all her African territories. The Togoland and Cameroon were transferred. Lands in the east such as the Marshall Islands were transferred to Japan, while Lebanon and Syria were put under France's care. Palestine was granted to the British. Upper Silesia was lost, while Danzig was given to Poland, which separated Germany from East Prussia. She was denied any access to the Saar Basin, which was formerly shared with France. Alsace-Lorraine, taken from France in 1871, was returned. -
The Treaty of Versailles with Germany 3-Reparations
Germany was to pay a fee of 132 Million marks (6 billion Pounds) for war damages, with France and Britain receiving the bulk of the payments. This figure was decided in 1921 by the Reparations Commission, and was to be paid in annual instalments. Other resources were included. No trading was to be done with Austria. The calculated end date for these annual instalments was 1988. -
The Treaty of Versailles with Germany 1-Disarmament
Germany's Armed forced were restricted to 100 000. No submarines were allowed, and the air force was to disband entirely. Less than 40 Naval vessels were permitted, with Destroyers being limited to 6 units. No military force was to enter the Rhineland, which formed part of the barrier between France and Germany. The same went for the whole of Austria. -
Treaty of Saint Germain with Austria
The main points of the Treaty: The republic of Austria had to accept the break up of the Empire The independence of Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia and Poland to be accepted Territory to be transferred to above mentioned states Union between Germany and Austria was forbidden Austrians were particularly angered by the fact that 3 million Sudetan Germans were under Czech rule which seemed to violate self determination. The country was now landlocked. -
Treaty of Neuilly with Bulgaria
Bulgaria had to recognise the independence of Yugoslavia. Territory was lost to Greece, Yugoslavia and Romania. Western Thrace was ceded to Greece, which blocked Bulgaria's access to the Aegean Sea. Reparations of 100 million pounds were required, and the military was limited to 20,000 men.
Bulgarians considered the Treaty a catastrophe. It was the end to a 40 year struggle for the unification of the Bulgarian populated territories. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Neuilly-sur-Seine -
Treaty of Trianon with Hungary
Hungary recognised the creation of Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia, and her territory was split between the aforementioned and Romania. Her land was 28% of its previous size, and her population 36%. Reparations, Disarmament and War Guilt were enforced. Her military was limited to 15,000, and her navy was disbanded, as she was now a landlocked state. The territorial terms caused economic ruin as Hungary lost her harbours, and she could no longer draw from the Empire’s resources. (See Wikipedia) -
Treaty of Sèvres With Turkey (2)
After the fall of the Ottoman Empire following the Great War, the Allies occupied Turkey. However, by 1920 they lacked the forces to maintain it. The city was in chaos, with no government, and Mustapha Kemal took the opportunity to set up his own government. Before long, he captured several cities throughout Turkey, and became Sultan. The Allies had occupied Turkey to try maintain order and to achieve the aims of the Sykes-Picot Agreement, but they began to retreat due to lack of forces. -
Treaty of Sèvres with Turkey
Turkey had to recognise the independence of the Kingdom of Hejaz and Armenia, while territory was lost to Britain, France, Italy, and Greece. The Dardanelles was to become an international waterway. The Treaty sparked off a Nationalist movement led by Mustapha Kemal, who invaded Greek Territory, driving forces from Smyrna. This caught the League's attention, and the treaty was renegotiated.
The leaking of the Sykes-Picot fuelled Kemal, who, being an unstable SOB, began a revolution. -
The Treaty of Rapallo
Germany and Russia were disappointed by the Genoa Conference. Both sought economic aid, but none was given due to France's refusal to compromise on the reparations terms of the War Treaties. The two nations decided to help each other in lieu of the Conference. All terms of Brest-Litovsk were renounced, and secret military agreements were made. Germany would gain access to Russia, while the Russians would benefit from German military expertise. This saw an improvement in Russo-German relations. -
Treaty of Lausanne with Turkey
This Treaty Concerned Turkey. Turkey confirmed the loss of its provinces in the Middle East Turkey's European territory which was lost in the treaty of Sèvres was returned. The Dardanelles Strait was to return to Turkish sovereignty. Disarmament, which was enforced on all defeated powers, was retracted. Reparations too, were removed -
The Locarno Pact
The Locarno Pact was a conference which led to Germany joining the League. It started what is known as the Spirit Of Locarno, which marked a belief that Europe was recovering from the devastating horror of WWI. With it came several agreements of mutual guarantees. Britain and Italy agreed to assist if Germany invaded France, and vice-versa. Although this could be seen merely a guaranteee without genuine concern, it seems more likely that this was a sign of remaining distrust between the two.