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Trail of Tears
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Dade Massacre
A group of African-Americans joined the Seminole in an ambush against the U.S. Army and physically battled relocation. Sugar plantations were demolished, and many Seminole were forcibly displaced to take their trail west of the Mississippi. As a result, the Seminole were the only tribe federally known for never renouncing sovereignty. -
The Treaty of New Echota
Cherokee land was taken and they were given five million dollars and a reservation in Oklahoma. The Cherokee never saw the money. It was spent on public facilities in the land they were removed from to "grind their corn." -
Chickasaw monetary removal
After paying the Choctaws $530,000 for a segment of their land, the Chickasaws gathered with all of their belongings in Memphis and traveled their Trail of Tears route to Indian Territory to merge with Choctaw nation. -
The Cherokee Act of Union
Eastern and western Cherokee nations were joined by the Act of Union. Also, the Cherokee party attempted to negotiate with the native Sequoyah. -
The capital city of Tahlequah was established as capital of the Cherokee nation with the adoption of the Cherokee constitution.
The Choctaw, Chickasaw, Cherokee, Muscogee Creek, and Seminole tribes were forced off their land as westward expansion of European settlers was carried out. Although the Trail of Tears is predominantly known as a Cherokee historical event, the other four tribes were forced along the trail as well, with each of them taking a different route from their native land to Indian Territory, which later became the state of Oklahoma.