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First scholarship endowment at Harvard University by Lady Anne Radcliffe Mowlson. The scholarship paid for poor students who were pursuing an education. This led to the philanthropic donation for more scholarships. Fuller, M., (2014). "A History of Financial Aid to Students," Journal of Student Financial Aid, 44(1). 45-45. Retrieved from
http://publications.nasfaa.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1078&context=jsfa -
This is the initial loan program established at Harvard by wealthy alumni and benefactors. By 1878, Harvard had the best scholarship program in the country. This program sparks other ivy league colleges to begin similar program. Fuller, M., (2014). "A History of Financial Aid to Students," Journal of Student Financial Aid, 44(1). 45-45. Retrieved from
http://publications.nasfaa.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1078&context=jsfa -
Initially the test was designed in the admissions process at ivy league schools, but later became a uniform exam in helping identity the academic students and awarding them a scholarship. This exam is now the basic exam for college entry. A Brief History of the SAT. (n.d.) Retrieved from http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/sats/where/history.html
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Signed by President Roosevelt. Formerly know as the Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944, this began the federal governments involvement in higher education financing. Established to help veterans return to civilian life after WWII. Key provisions were education & training, loan guaranty for homes & unemployment pay. Katz, R. (2015, September 03). The history of the GI Bill. American Radio Works. Retrieved from http://www.americanradioworks.org/segments/the-history-of-the-gi-bill/
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CSS provided needy students with funds to pursue higher education at private institutions. Applicants complete a profile form and staff at CSS would providing information to colleges looking for such candidates. It is considered a precursor to the present
Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA). Fuller, M., (2014). A History of Financial Aid to Students. Journal of Student Financial Aid, 44(1). Retrieved from http://publications.nasfaa.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1078&context=jsfa -
Established after the Soviet Union launched the first satellite called “Sputnik”. NDSL is the very first student aid program for non-veterans. Students had access to student loan monies to study in critical fields such as mathematics, science, and foreign languages. United States Senate. (n.d.). Sputnik Spurs Passage of the National Defense Education Act. Retrieved from http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/minute/Sputnik_Spurs_Passage_of_National_Defense_Education_Act.htm
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President Johnson appointed John W. Garnder to chair a task force to study the role of the federal government in student aid. One of their recommendation was the Department of Education be its own agency. Cervantes, A., Creusere,M., McMilion, R., McQueen, C., Short, M., & Webster, J. (2005). Opening the doors to higher education: Perspective ont he Higher Education Act 40 years later. Retrieved from http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED542500.pdf
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Also called the "War of Poverty". President Lyndon B. Johnson was the cornerstone President and challenged Americans to build a Great Society. EOC created the College Work-Study Program as well as the Job Corps, Head Start, Adult Basic Education, Family Planning, Summer Youth Programs, Senior Centers, Community Health Centers, and Community Action Agencies. Lyndon Johnson's "Great Society" (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.ushistory.org/us/56e.asp
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The task force recommendations included grants to needy students, expansion of work-study programs, use of loans guarantees, opposition to tax credits for tuition and other educational expenses, custom financial aid packages, and a scholarship program. Cervantes, A., Creusere,M., McMilion, R., McQueen, C., Short, M., & Webster, J. (2005). Opening the doors to higher education: Perspective ont he Higher Education Act 40 years later. Retrieved from http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED542500.pdf
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President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the ESEA and is considered the most expansive federal education bill ever passed. It encouraged state government agencies to become more involved in higher education. The act channeled $1 billion toward K-12 school. Cervantes, A., Creusere,M., McMilion, R., McQueen, C., Short, M., & Webster, J. (2005). Opening the doors to higher education: Perspective ont he Higher Education Act 40 years later. Retrieved from http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED542500.pdf
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Federal legislation that authorizes federal student assistance to include:
Title I: Strengthening Community Service Programs
Title II: Assistance for Libraries
Title III: Developing Institutions
Title IV: Student Assistance Act
Title V: Teacher Corps Cervantes, A., Creusere,M., McMilion, R., McQueen, C., Short, M., & Webster, J. (2005). Opening the doors to higher education: Perspective on the Higher Education Act 40 years later. Retrieved from http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED542500.pdf -
TRIO was created to solidify and expand student aid programs and increase private student loan lending. TRIO included: Upward Bound, Talent Search, and Student Support Service. It was designed to assist eligible students toward post-secondary education. Cervantes, A., Creusere,M., McMilion, R., McQueen, C., Short, M., & Webster, J. (2005). Opening the doors to higher education: Perspective on the Higher Education Act 40 years later. Retrieved from http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED542500.pdf
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President Richard M. Nixon signed BEOG into law. As part of the second reauthorization it increased grant based aid to needy students. Called now the Federal Pell Grant. Named after Senator Claiborne Pell who wanted to assist low income students. Cervantes, A., Creusere,M., McMilion, R., McQueen, C., Short, M., & Webster, J. (2005). Opening the doors to higher education: Perspective on the Higher Education Act 40 years later. Retrieved from http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED542500.pdf
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MISAA was enacted 1978 by President Jimmy Carter. It gave middle families a tuition tax credit, an opportunity to receive subsidized loans while the government paid the interest as well increased eligibility in the Pell Grant program. Cervantes, A., Creusere,M., McMilion, R., McQueen, C., Short, M., & Webster, J. (2005). Opening the doors to higher education: Perspective on the Higher Education Act 40 years later. Retrieved from http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED542500.pdf
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Congress passes legislation to split off a new Department of Education from the existing Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Congress appropriated to the Department of Education an annual budget of $14.2 billion and 17,000 employees. United States Department of Education. (2016, September 3). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 06:04, September 16, 2016, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Education&oldid=737605334
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Congress raised student loan interest rates and created the Parent Loans for Undergraduate Students (PLUS) program, parents could borrow on behalf of their children. BEOG was named the Pell Grant in tribute to Senator Claiborne Pell. Cervantes, A., Creusere,M., McMilion, R., McQueen, C., Short, M., & Webster, J. (2005). Opening the doors to higher education: Perspective on the Higher Education Act 40 years later. Retrieved from http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED542500.pdf
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The reauthorization implemented provision to reduce and focus on loan subsidies, creation of loan consolidation program, increase loan limits, and authority to begin study on income-contingent repayment plans. Cervantes, A., Creusere,M., McMilion, R., McQueen, C., Short, M., & Webster, J. (2005). Opening the doors to higher education: Perspective on the Higher Education Act 40 years later. Retrieved from http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED542500.pdf
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The Act included the Hope Scholarship, which provided a tax credit for 100 percent of the first $1,000 of tuition and fees and 50 percent of the second $1,000. It primarily benefited middle- and upper-income families, doing little for needy students. Cervantes, A., Creusere,M., McMilion, R., McQueen, C., Short, M., & Webster, J. (2005). Opening the doors to higher education: Perspective on the Higher Education Act 40 years later. Retrieved from http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED542500.pdf
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HEA Reauthorization of 1998 reduced student loan interest rates, promote high-quality distance education, improve teacher preparation and recruitment and help disadvantaged children prepare for college. The White House. (in press). The Higher Education Amendments of 1998:
Five Victories for the Clinton-Gore Administration. Retrieved fro http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/npr/library/news/100798.html -
Signed by President George W. Bush, CCRAA implemented the Income Based Repayment Plan. Designed to lower student payments based on income. Created the Loan Forgive for being in public service. Increase Pell Grant Amounts and reduce student loan interest rates. Institute of College Access & Success (n.d.). The College Cost Reduction and Access Act. Retrieved from http://ticas.org/initiative/page/college-cost-reduction-and-access-act
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School must provide a net price calculator on their website, had major changes in student loan discharges for disabled people, it establishment of Student Financial Aid Ombudsman’s Office, developing campus safety plans and simplify the FAFSA. Pinhel, R., (2008). Higher Education Opportunity Act of 2008. (Oral Research Report 2008-R-0470). Retrieved from https://www.cga.ct.gov/2008/rpt/2008-R-0470.htm
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Since the last reauthorization there has only been minimal changes to higher education.Regardless of those possibilities, though, there are significant areas of disagreement over the future of federal higher education policy that lawmakers will have to hammer out. Stratford, M., (2016). Higher Ed Overhaul Unlikely in 2016. Inside Higher Ed. Retrieved from https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/02/02/higher-education-act-overhaul-long-shot-election-year
