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Period: 1483 BCE to 1546 BCE
Martin Luther
Was a German theologian and monk known for the Protestan Reformation in his country.Luther became increasingly angry about the clergy selling 'indulgences' - promised remission from punishments for sin, either for someone still living or for one who had died and was believed to be in purgatory.CATHOLIC MUSIC ,on the other hand,continued to be solemn and written in Latin. -
Period: 600 to 800
GREGORIAN CHANT
The Roman catholic church compiled its litergical plainsongs.
We call this music repertoire Gregory The Great the first compiler .
-Moniphonic texture without instruments
-Modal scales and free time
-Text in latin
Performed by male voices between the solist and the choir. It neccesary to write down .Were estabilisesh in the 9 th century.The first symbols were called neumes they were written on the top of the words.The neumatic notational system was used on a fourm-line stave -
800
Liturgical pholyphony
2º voice to plainsong and pholyphony was born .Musical notation more precise system to write the rythmic richness ofmore complex polyphony .
MENSURAL NOTATION : included 1ºsymbols related to mettre and asigned different notes values depending on the duration of notes.Liturgical polyphonic forms: *organum: https://www.britannica.com/art/organum
*discantus : https://cmm-paris.fr/en/production-artistique/ensembles-et-artistes/discantus
*conductus :https://www.britannica.com/art/conductus -
800
secular vocal music
-Monophonic texture accompanied ith instrumental.
-Modal scales and rythmic modes.
-Designed for fun
-Written with local language
-Performed by male and female voices MINSTRELS : Musicians who played secular music .
-Performed in willage and city squares to entertain the common people with their art .
-Part of the court of palace (court minstrels)
GOLIARDS : Meddicant students in Latin saritical or critical of the church.
SONG BOOKS :CANTIGAS DE SANTA MARÍA -
800
INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC
Catholic Church only allowed the organ in lirturgy and no other instruments.Most instruments in secular music. -
992
Guido d´Arezzo
Was a teacher in the cathedral school in Arezzo ,Italy .He invented the guideon hand , and after that the four line stave ,gave the names that we use today .He used a hym dedicated to Saint John the Badpist .In the 18th century the name changed (Ut) to Do.Depending on the relation ship between the melody and syllables of the text were differnt stiles. Syllabic in which each syllable has one note, and melismatic, where one syllable has many notes and neumatic with a small group of syllable. -
1453
Reinaissance texture
Imitative counterpoint :several melodic lines imitate each other,but at different times.Simplest form canon.
Homorhythmic homophony: several similar melodic lines that mobe simultaneosly.
Melody-dominated homophony: melodic line that can be identified with a harmonic accompanient. -
1500
RELIGIOUS VOCAL MUSIC
MOTET:The motet began in the early 13th century as an application of a new text to older music.
MASS:It was a long composition with liturgical texts .Based on religious ceremony.
CHORALE:The most common musical form of the Protestant liturgy.
https://www.google.es/search?tbm=isch&q=religious+vocal+music+Mass&chips=q:religious+vocal+music+mass,online_chips:medieval+renaissance&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjb3oq9 -
1500
SECULAR VOCAL MUSIC
The madrigal was the dominated form .It orginated in Italy .
In England,numerous songs for one voice with instrumental accompanient were written.
In France , the same form called chanson for several voices with instrumental accompanient.
ROMANCE:Popular poetic ballads that told both true and fictional stories.
VILLANCICO:It also had popular origins comes from tunes .
ENSALADA: Was a combination of differnt forms. -
1500
INSTRUMENTAL FORMS
Compositions based on vocal music: Usually accompanied vocal pieces .Tiento in Spain.
Compositions with an improvistional feel:Composers start to write down that were a good musical quality.
Variations: Consisted of the expositions of a short musical theme followed by some variations on it. -
1500
Reinaissance dances
. The second category consisted of complex dances that required the services of a dancing master as well as considerable practice to perfect.Pavane with duple mettre and the galliard with triple mettre.The brandle with duple mettre amd the sarabande with triple mettre.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VqvoFHekE0c -
Instrumental form
Sonata: piece of music in three or four parts, either for a piano or for another instrument, with one or two solists.
Trio , quartet , quintet : a piece of music that has been written to be performed by esembles
Symphony : performed by the orchestra.
Concerto: performed by orchestra and solist -
Period: to
BAROQUE MUSIC
It started with the appearance of the opera in about 1600 and finished with Johann Sebastian Bach death in 1750.Instrumental music became more important than vocal music. -
Basso continuo
another term for thorough bass.Word origin of 'basso continuo'
Italian, literally: continuous bass.Performed by a pholophonic instrument or by an instrument by a lower register. -
AEROPHONES and MEMBRAPHONES
Flute: Became more popular in Baroque period .It was a conical tube with siw holes and one key.
Oboe : In France in the 16th century , with a conical tube and two or three keys.
Bassoon: A wooden tube with holes and three or four keys.
Trumpet: Existed in this period and its modern-day form.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rd-osFX1_Uo
Kettledrum : were smaller than one today -
Baroque orchestra
Description:
strings:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pzlw6fUux4o
wind:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WXkRgUvY6PM
percussion:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XhA2ZIOYU00 -
Classical period in Spain
The classical period coincided with the depotism of Carlos III and Carlos V . Composers of the period Juan Crisóstomo de Arriaga like the Spanish Mozart, Fernando sor well known as his guitar and italians composers Like Luigi Bocherini .The italian influence of composers like Vicente Martín y Soler wrote many operas of italian style -
Instumental music
Instruments like cello,viola,violin ,bass,double and BAROQUE GUITAR:was the predecessor of today´s classical guitar .https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=794dqu-Fun0 -
music in the classical period
Lighter, cleaner texture than Baroque, less complicated; mainly homophonic melody above chordal accompaniment .
An emphasis on grace and beauty of melody and form, proportion and balance, moderation and control; polished and elegant in character with expressiveness and formal structure held in perfect balance.
More variety and contrast within a piece: of keys, tunes, rhythms and dynamics ; frequent changes of mood and timbre.
Melodies tend to be shorter than those of Baroque,. -
Opera seria and buffa
Seria : German composer Cristoph Willybald Gluck (mythological and historical plots).https://musica3esojesuitinas.wordpress.com/2017/10/30/la-reforma-de-la-opera-seria-ch-w-gluck/ Buffa: In Naples to entertain the audience ( everyday situations plots , comedy or romance).Mozart composer https://youtu.be/aiNDcJ7x30w -
ROMANTIC PERIOD , MUSIC
·Waiting to be free from Classical rules and express emotions.
·Aiming for virtuosity , on piano and violin.
·Making the Melody an important means of expresion.
·Using Melody -dominated homophony with complex harmonies. -
Opera as a favourite type of performance.
ITALY : bel canto and verismo
FRANCE: grand opera and operetta
GERMANY:leitmotiv -
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Period: to
PIANO THE MOST IMPORTANT ROMANTIC INSTRUMENT
SHORT PIECES FOR SOLO PIANO :https://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=solo+pianoROMANTICPERIOD&&view=detail&mid=458F31CB76ABB3C20ED1458F31CB76ABB3C20ED1&&FORM=VRDGAR CHAMBER MUSIC: https://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=CHAMBER+MUSIC+ROMANTIC+PERIOD&&view=detail&mid=91B80916959C63883D8891B80916959C63883D88&&FORM=VRDGAR
LONGER WORK:https://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=LONGER+WORK++ROMANTIC+PERIOD&&view=detail&mid=3304FAF123993942DA5B3304FAF123993942DA5B&&FORM=VRDGAR -
Period: to
SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA WITH 80 MUSICIANS APPEARED IN THE ROMANTIC PERIOD.
The symphony and the concerto appeared.Programme music describe a narrative by extra-musical elements Programme symphony a composition with a descreptive character -
expresionism
In the first war world of Germany.THe main theme was the life otf the people with a very pesimism point way of life.Characteristics:
*A strong rythm.
*Compositions marked by a chamber scale.
* it had a telwe tone note .
* A strong dissonance to make tension -
electrophones
*Theremín: its played moving the hands without touching them.https://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=theremin&&view=detail&mid=1429B1E35284EF98513E1429B1E35284EF98513E&&FORM=VRDGAR
*Synthesiser:a keyboard with different sounds *Ondes Martenot:to makes sound the performer used one hand to play.https://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=ondes+martenot&&view=detail&mid=F8B914D277A2614CDBF2F8B914D277A2614CDBF2&&FORM=VRDGAR -
music in 20th century
Minimal music:Tonal, simple and direct music, with simple musical structures, clear melodies and textures, and short, constantly-repeated musical music concrete: Music that uses sounds from the surroundings and modifies them with technology. expresionism : Music with a strong rhythm and frequent dissonances. tecnological music: Music that combines the real sounds of musique concrete with other electronically-generated sounds. -
IMPRESIONISM
Reflected the reality with a subjective way.Characteristics:
*A musical atmosphere inspired by natural things.
*Having a diatonic scale with free rythm .
*Mixed differents instruments making a collage of sounds.
*Musical Language inspired in oriental music. -
Attonality and neoclaccism
Comporers started to hink that the tonal music was so reduzated and the invent the atonality that it had strongs dissonances to make tension.After that a German composer created the twelve tone technique that was based on a cromathic scale. The neoclassicism was to create Classical aethestic , the objective was to create pleasant music that was easy to listen to. -
MUSIC IN THE 20TH CENTURY
The people started to think what was or wasn´t music.Types *Music as an experimentation and atonality.
*They were exploring a musical language with a different tone and rythm.
*Different ways to represent music.
*The had a computer and a different musical language.
