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Carolus Linnaeus develops the modern hieratical classification system.
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Georges Cuvier demonstrates the fact of extinction with studies of fossil mammals. He believed the extinctions to have occurred in a series of giant floods.
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Jean-Baptiste Lamarck publishes his theory of evolution: evolution happened through the inheritance of acquired features.
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Neanderthal skull bones are found in Neander valley in Germany.
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Alfred Russel Wallace independently conceives the theory of evolution by natural selection and co-publishes with Darwin on the subject.
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Charles Darwin's book "The Origin of Species" is published and became popular.
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Proponents and opponents of Darwin and Wallace's theories argue in the Oxford Evolution Debate.
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Gregor Mendel's pea plants theory printed, making teh background for the basis of natural selection.
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August Weissman publishes his germ-plasm theory, which emphasizes the separation of the germline and soma.
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Walter Sutton suggested that chromosomes basis for Mendelian inheritance of characteristics.
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Ernst Mayr publishes Systematics and the Origin of Species in which he presents his influential 'biological species concept'
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DNA is confirmed to be genetic material which is that inheritance passes from one generation to the next.
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Sydney Brenner, Francis Crick, Francois Jacob, and Jacques Monod discover mRNA.
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The human genome is sequenced and assembled.
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Richard Green and colleagues publish a draft sequence of the Neanderthal genome, suggesting that the Neanderthals and modern humans interbred.