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https://www.history.com/topics/reformation/reformation#:~:text=Historians%20usually%20date%20the%20start,Westphalia%2C%20which%20ended%20the%20Thirty
https://www.history.com/topics/reformation/reformation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Crusade
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Crusade
https://www.britannica.com/event/Renaissance/The-High-Renaissance -
https://www.britannica.com/topic/David-sculpture#:~:text=David%2C%20marble%20sculpture%20executed%20from,other%20sculptors%20and%20left%20outdoors.
https://time.graphics/event/1785649
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/copernicus/#:~:text=Nicolaus%20Copernicus%20(1473%E2%80%931543),the%20earth%20revolved%20around%20it.
https://homework.study.com/explanation/what-did-copernicus-and-galileo-have-in-common.html#:~:text=Answer%20and%20Explanation%3A,center%20of%20the%20solar%20system. -
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Kepler
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Voltaire
https://www.history.com/topics/france/french-revolution#:~:text=A%20popular%20insurgency%20culminated%20on,start%20of%20the%20French%20Revolution.
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/descartes/
https://www.history.com/topics/france/louis-xiv#:~:text=In%20that%20time%2C%20he%20transformed,as%20the%20dominant%20European%20power. -
https://www.history.com/topics/middle-ages/crusades
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_Crusade
https://artincontext.org/early-renaissance/#:~:text=Frequently%20Asked%20Questions-,When%20Was%20the%20Early%20Renaissance%3F,from%201400%20to%201495%20CE.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Crusade
https://www.sultanandthesaintfilm.com/education/timeline-major-events-crusades/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Renaissance -
The First Crusade was the recovery of the holy land. The Holy Land was the city of Jerusalem. -
The crusades is a series of religious wars between Christians and Muslims.
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It was the second major crusade launched from Europe and it was also the first one to fall. It was first announced by Pope Eugene III. -
The Third Crusade was known as the Kings Crusade. It was partially successful. There were also three kings involved, Philip the second of France, Richard the first of England, and Fredrick the first of holy roman empire. -
The fourth Crusade was a Latin Christian armed expedition called by the pope. The purpose of the expedition was to recapture Jerusalem again from Ayyubid Saltanate. -
The black death was a global epidemic and had killed many people.
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when the plague arrives in France it had brought another strand of the plague. a ship carried a new strain from France to England. -
The Black Death was caused by rats and fleas. It started in Mongolia.
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the black death destroyed the army of Kipchak Kahn Janibeg in the trading port of Kaffa in Crimea. When he was loosing he was chucking infected bodies all over the town to infect his enemies.
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The black death killed many many people. Approximately 25 million people were killed by the black death. And half of the population of France was killed. -
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It focused on realism and there was a lot of naturalism in the art.
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Art in the early renaissance focused on realism. Realism art means that there was more emotion in the paintings/ drawings. -
some of the most famous artists in the early Renaissance are Masaccio, Donatello, Botticelli. Donatello made sculptures and was considered a father of the renaissance. -
Gutenberg's Bible was also called the Mazarin Bible. This bible was the very first movable bible in the world. -
The fall of Constantinople was the capture of the capital by the autimin empire on may 29th. It marked an end of the roman empire. -
Christoper Columbus sailed across the ocean in 1492.
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The High Renaissance ended with the Sack of Rome.
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Galileo Galilei and many others were very famous
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Leonardo Da Vinci was born in 1452 and painted the Mona Lisa in 1503. Leonardo Da Vinci was also famous for being a scientist and inventor. When he was a scientist he was interested in Geology, Zoology, Anatomy, and others. -
Michelangelo was a very famous artist he made the Statue of David. -
Raphael was a very famous artist he created the Madonna of the Meadow. -
Martin Luther wrote the 95 theses because he did not like that people were buying their way to heaven. -
There was better education and training for the Roman Catholic Priests.
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Charles V Negotiates peace with the Lutherans but Martin Luther refused to backed down. He gets "kidnapped" by his people so they can keep him safe. -
The Sack of Rome was when more than 20,000 soldiers had invaded Rome. They looted and robbed them. -
The Late Renaissance ended by the Sack of Rome
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There was a meeting with many Catholic church leaders and Bishops met in Trent. They did not like what the Protestants had done.
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Elizabeth I becomes the queen of England and ruled for 45 years. She agreed to the Settlement of Religion with Parliament in 1559 -
Some of the most famous people of the late renaissance were Galileo Galilei, Leonardo Da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael. -
Galileo Galilei had discovered/invented the telescope and he also was the first person to see the moon through a telescope. Galileo became blind because he looked at the sun too long though his telescope -
William Gilbert finds that Earth has north and south poles and acts like a really big magnet. He discovered this by conditioning an experiment by using lodestone and two small wooden boats. -
Copernicus was a astronomer and a mathematician. Copernicus and Galileo were in common because they both believed that the earth and the sun were not at the center of the universe. -
Galileo Galilei discovers the property of inertia. He discovered Inertia by rolling balls down a slope.
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Kepler was a German astronomer and mathematician. He discovered that the earth revolves around the sun. He discovered the Kepler's three laws. -
Descartes was the first modern philosopher. He is famous because he made a very important relation between algebra and geometry. -
The Age of Enlightenment was a intellectual movement that controlled Europe though out the 17th and 18th century.
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Louie XIV of France died on September 1, 1715. He died by gangrene. He maintained his power by imposing religious affairs. -
Voltaire wrote Fictitious Lettres Philosophiques, Candide. Voltaire died on May 30, 1778 at age 83. He is considered to be one of the greatest french writers. -
The French Revolution started when rioters broke in the Bastille fortress trying to steal weapons and gunpowder. The French Revolution had strengthened France.