-
Period: to
Oscar-Claude Monet
French painter from the impressionism
Impression sunrise by Monet is considered the first impressionist painting -
Period: to
Pierre-Auguste Renoir
French painter from the impressionism -
Period: to
Gabriel Faure
was a French composer, organist, pianist and professor. -
Period: to
John Philip Sousa
promoted the American Wind-band tradition -
Period: to
Cecile Chaminade
French composer and pianist
Was the first female composer to be awarded The Legion d`Honneur
Some important works:
Op. 19 La Seville, comic opera (1882)
Op. 20 Suite d`Orchestre (1881)
Op. 35 Six Etudes de concert (Enoch) (1886)
op. 89 Lolita. Caprice Espagnol (Enoch) (1890)
Les Reves (1891) -
Period: to
Edward Elgar
English composer of Symphonies, piano works, choral music, chamber music, overtures
received international acclaim -
Period: to
Giacomo Puccini
Italian opera composer, the most successful one after Verdi
Composed 10 Operas, vocal works, and a few chamber and instrumental works -
Period: to
Gustav Mahler
- Austrian Jewish composer and conductor
- Vienense, considered the heir of Mozart and Beethoven
- seen as one of the greatest composers of the romantic era
- was important in the transition from he romantic era to the modernism of the early 20th century
- mostly known for his symphonies
- made important expansions to symphonies and Lieder
- Conductor in Europe and the USA
-
Period: to
Claude Debussy
- Born in France
- Introduced musical impressionism Some compositions:
- La mer
- reverie
- Children's corner
- Prelude a lapses-midi d`un Faune
- Petit suite
- Estampes- L`isle Joyeuse
- Two books of preludes for piano solo
- Images (set of 3 pieces for piano solo)
-
Period: to
Richard Strauss
German composer
Best known for his opera (Der Rosenkavalier, Elektra (1909) and Salome (1905) being the most famous), Lieder, specially his Vier Letzte Lieder; his symphonyc poems: Till Eulenspiegels, Don Juan, andAlso Spake Zarathustra -
Period: to
Erik Satie
Became more widely known after his death
Was a French composer
Some of his pieces:
- Trois Gymnopedies (1888) for piano solo
- Je te Veux (1903) -
Period: to
Scott Joplin
ragtime, 1 opera, marches and waltzes.
- American composer that popularized ragtime -
Period: to
Aleksandr Skryabin
Was a Russian composer who was influenced by chromaticism and impressionism. His music had complex original harmonic language and he was a virtuoso pianist -
Period: to
Arnold Schoenberg
Austrian-American composer
created 12 tone music (serialism) -
Period: to
Charles Ives
one of the most innovative American composers of the 20th century
harmonizes tunes in "wrong key"
play on instruments that used quarter tones
played familiar tunes 2 keys at once
Polytonality
polyrhythms
quotations
limitated atonality -
Period: to
Maurice Ravel
French impressionist composer
credited with the first impressionist piano piece
One of his most famous pieces is Bolero, he also composed operas, ballets, orchestral and vocal works
innovator in pianistic style -
Period: to
Pablo Picasso
Picasso was an expressionist paintor -
Period: to
Igor Stravinsky
Musical style changed often: Russian Period up to circa 1920; French period around 1910 while living in Paris; Neoclassical period circa 1920-54; and serialist (US) period, circa 1954-68 self-borrowed on his compositions, they were also rhythmically complex, essentially tonal but with sharp dissonance.
One of his most important pieces is "The Rite of Spring" Style elements: Hypnotic Ostinatos; Polymeters 6/7, 7/8, 5/8; polychords - Eb G Bb Db with E G# B; pentatonic, Russian font elements -
Period: to
R. Nathaniel Dett
Pianist
helped found the National Association of Negro Musicians -
Period: to
Edgar Varese
Composer of non-tonal music
Worked with modern orchestration techniques in which, sometimes, the use of strings was minimized or excluded. -
Period: to
Edgard Varèse
French American composer: percussion music
a pioneer in the field of electronic music -
Period: to
Luigi Russolo
Italian futurist painter, composer and builder of experimental musical instruments -
Period: to
Nadia Boulanger
taught most American composers of the 20th century -
Period: to
Florence Price
first black female to have a symphony performed by a major American orchestra
first composition published at 11 years old
career flourished in Chicago -
Period: to
Louis Dureu
part of Les six
Birn in Paris
wrote songs for the French Resistance during WWII
Wrote stage works, orchestral works, chamber music, piano works and film scores -
Maximalism
A style in which all musical elements are pushed to an extreme
- music thick with motives and themes, often for orchestra
- Extreme sizes of performance groups -
Impressionism
- Melody was not required to follow any traditional concept
- All chords were treated as equal, and there were no chord progressions
- Vague Harmonies
- Parallel chords were common, as well as dissonances
- Rhythmic vitality wasn't an aspect Use of pentatonic scales, whole tone, and other exotic scales
-
Ragtime
Precursor to jazz
highly syncopated rhythms and sectional forms -
Period: to
Vincent Van Gogh
post-impressionist painter who had posthumous recognition. -
Period: to
Sergei Prokofoev
Russian composer
orchestral pieces, piano works, and film music
seven symphonies -
Opening of Carnegie Hall in NYC
-
Period: to
Arthur Honegger
born to Swiss parents, considered himself Swiss
composed mostly on commission
composed choral music, chamber music and 5 symphonies
part of les six -
Period: to
Darius Milhaud
French
Studied Debussy and rejected impressionism
Friends with Satie and Tailleferre
Traveld to Brazil in 1918 and that influenced his work, which was also influenced by American Jazz
part of les six -
Period: to
Germaine Tailleferre
Was a French composer, composed operas, ballets, film and television scores, orchestral works, choral music, songs, chamber music and piano works
part of les six -
Period: to
Willian Grant Still
First black American composer to have a symphony and opera performed by a major ensemble and to conduct a major symphony orchestra -
First modern Olympic Games
-
Period: to
Henry Cowell
taught John cage
supporter of Ives
Invented chance music
invented new techniques for playing piano -
Period: to
George Gershwin
American composer: wrote classical, concert hall music infused with jazz and popular music
Wrote for Broadway, film, and the concert hall
Virtuoso pianist
most famous works include:
An American in Paris
Rhapsody in Blue
Porgy and Bess (opera)
Lady, Be Good!
Concerto in F (for piano and orchestra) -
Period: to
Georges Auric
Was born in southern France, and studied composition with Satie teacher.
Neo-classicist
composed songs, piano works, opera, ballets, chamber music and film music
Was a music journalist
part of les six -
Period: to
Francis Poulenc
French composer part of les sis
born in Paris to rich parents
composed concertos, choral music, chamber music and piano works -
Period: to
Duke Ellington
Edward Kennedy Ellington
Composed hundreds of tunes, film scores, concertos, concert pieces, and works for the theater. Most famous for Jazz tunes -
Period: to
Aaron Copland
composer, teacher, critic, conductor and sponsor of concerts
compose in a variety of genres but not a huge amount of works
mostly atonal
vigorous
mixed meters -
End of the Victorian Era
Death of England`s queen Victoria -
The unanswered question
orchestral work
composed by Ives
for three groups of instruments
strings
solo trumpet
wind quartet -
Period: to
Salvador Dali
Important Spanish painter known by his surrealism work. -
Period: to
Eliot Carter
American composer, influential as teacher and composer -
Period: to
Olivier Messiaen
Serialist French composer and Teacher
known for incorporating bird songs into his music -
Expressionism
Germany and Austria
High level of dissonance
Extreme contrast in dynamics
Extremes of pitch
All notes are equal (no pitch or tonic to return to)
Constantly changing texture
No cadences (non-chord progression rules)
Focused on completely freeing the music from tonality -
Period: to
Neo-Classicism
- Return to the ideals of clarity and objectivity of the 18th century
- combined structures from the past with modern harmony, tonality and timbres
-
Period: to
Primitivism
A western visual art movement that borrowed non-Western subjects -
Period: to
Samuel Barber
the most important American composer who kept romanticism alive during the 20th century -
Creation of 12-tone technique by Schoenberg
-
The Tides of Manaunaun
by Cowell -
Period: to
John Cage
Innovated many compositional techniques
helped change the definition of music to "Organized Sound" -
Satie created a group called Les Nouveaux Jeunes
-
The art of noises
creed or manifesto written by Russolo -
Ballet The Rite of Spring
- Stravinsky composed its music at the age of 31 (his music was ore rhythmically forceful than anything ever heard before) ; it was choreographed by Vaslar Nijinsky (radical and modernist) and its costumes were inspired by Pablo Picasso.
- two parts
- The ballet showed scenes of pagan Russian rituals, and its choreography required dancers to move in an awkward unconventional way "ugly and fat-footed"
- percussive orchestra, irregular accents, polyrhythmic - chaotic Both music and story radical
-
Period: to
World War I
-
Period: to
Dadaism
An art movement of the European Avant-garde
it was a movement of anti-art thinking
reaction or artists and poets against the war and the bourgeois in Europe -
Period: to
Billie Holiday
one of the leading female jazz singers
She broke racial barriers by performing with white bands -
Period: to
Billy Strayhorn
-
Period: to
Milton Babbitt
American composer
music theorist
teacher interested in computer music -
Russian Revolution
-
Period: to
Leonard Bernstein
Conductor
Composer
Teacher
Pianist
Lecturer
TV personality
composed musicals -
Economic depression
-
Henri Collet coined the term les six in the French journal commedia
-
Blues
The earliest recordings of Blues were made in the 1920s, but the style reaches back to the 1890s
musical genre derived from Black American performance traditions that used “blues notes”or bent pitches -
Period: to
Non-tonal
Focused on musical elements other than pitch
- percussion ensembles benefited from this style -
Period: to
Iannis Xenakis
-
Period: to
György Ligeti
Hungarian composer
Interested in clusters of sounds
Active in electronic music and as a teacher
developed a process of interweaving many separate strands into a complex polyphonic fabric -
Period: to
Luciano Berio
leading modern Italian composer of the 20th century -
Period: to
Pierre Boulez
Important composer and conductor of the French "avant-garde"
experimented with serialism -
Penicilin is first observed to be antibiotic
-
Philo Farnsworth demonstrates the first practical Eletronic television to press
-
Period: to
Karlheinz Stockhausen
Made inovations in eletronic music
German composer -
Period: to
George Crumb
American composer, best known for his anti-War sentiments during the Vietnam War
http://www.georgecrumb.net -
The electron microscope is invented by Ernst Ruska
-
FM radio is patented by inventor Edwin H. Armstrong
-
Period: to
Henryk Górecki
slow harmonic movement of minimalism
neo-tonality (with the new consonance of major 2nds)
Clusters
strong emotional symbolism
Before the 1970s he composed dissonant and serial music
In the 1970s he began writing in a more consonant and ‘simple’ (minimalistic) style -
Porgy and Bess
Gershwin said he wrote it to be an American folk opera -
Arvo Pärt
Born in Estonia, a former republic of the Soviet Union (USSR)
Composed in a variety of styles
When he returned to his compositions in 1976, he started a new style -
Peter and the Wolf
Programmatic orchestral piece by Prokofiev -
Philip Glass
One of the pioneers of Minimalism.
He is one of the most famous composers alive
http://philipglass.com/
worked with Nadia Boulanger in Paris
10 operas, lots of instrumental and vocal music, and soundtracks for films including, The Illusionist, The Secret Garden, The Truman Show, and Candyman -
Z1 built by Konrad Zuse is the first freely programmable computer in the world
-
John Corigliano
Corigliano became famous with the American public with his film score, The Red Violin (1997)
He has also written orchestral music, concertos, wind ensemble music, stage works, and vocal music -
Period: to
WW II
-
Musique concrete
use of natural sounds, and manipulate them to make music
French concept -
A Black Pierrot
art song from a song cycle, echoes Schoenberg's "Pierrot Lunaire"
text by Langston Hughes
chromatic harmony
blues influence
through-composed -
The non-infectious viral vaccine is perfected by Dr. Jonas Salk and Thomas Francis
-
Appalachian Spring
Ballet for Martha Graham who also danced the lead
Ballet by Graham -
Period: to
Paul Lansky
American composer, theorist, professor at Princeton, and critic
A pioneer in digital sound synthesis
wrote a computer opera -
The atomic bomb is first successfully developed by the US, the United Kingdom and Canada as a part of the Manhattan Project and swiftly deployed in August 1945 in the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, effectively terminating World War II
-
John Adams
American composer who successfully combined elements of New Romanticism and minimalism into a Post-minimalist style -
Period: to
Cold War
-
Aleatoric
or aleatoric
elements of the performance were up to chance -
Indeterminate Music
also used the element of chance, but its aleatory could also be seen on the composition process, along with the performance -
Post 1950
Computers used in music
Electronic music predated this trend
Tape music
Theremin
ondes Martenot -
Electronische Musik
Developed in Cologne, Germany, in the early 1950s
A new studio was built exclusively for the creation of electronic music -
Tape music
electronically produced sounds
Experiments began in 1951 at Columbia University
musique concrete elements -
First use of nuclear power to produce electricity for households in Arco, Idaho[394][395] 1952: The first thermonuclear weapon is developed by the United States of America
-
4'33''
three movements
composed by john cage
can be performed by any instrumentalist in any formation -
Period: to
Tod Machover
One of the most creative minds in the world of music technology today
Explores interactions between performers and computers -
The first video tape recorder, a helical scan recorder, is invented by Norikazu Sawazaki
-
Period: to
Vietnam War
-
Period: to
Poème electronique
contained electronic sounds and concrete sounds recorded onto multi-channel tape -
West Side Story
-
The first personal computer used by one person and controlled by a keyboard, the IBM 610, is invented in 1957 by IBM.
-
The first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1, is built and launched by the Soviet Union
-
Jennifer Higdon
American composer
Cold Mountain (2016), her 1st opera, was nominated for two Grammy Awards -
Ancient Voices of Children
Based on poems by Federico Garcia Lorca
composed by Crumb -
Einstein on the Beach
An important modern opera that uses minimalism, among other things
Very little singing, almost no plot
The opera is built around a series of recurring images: A train, a trial, a spaceship, and a field
The four acts of the opera are performed without intermission and are connected by a series of “Knee Plays” -
Cantate Domino canticum novum
-
synthesizer
had a significant influence on the film music industry -
A CD-ROM contains data accessible to, but not writable by, a computer for data storage and music playback. The 1985 Yellow Book standard developed by Sony and Philips adapted the format to hold any form of binary data.
-
The first laptop computer is launched, the 8/16-bit Epson HX-20
-
MIDI
Musical Instrument Digital Interface
Enables computer interactions with synthesizers and sequences -
Short Ride in a Fast Machine
Orchestral work, transcribed for band -
Nixon in China
Minimalist Opera -
Minimalism
A style of music based on repetitive melodic, rhythmic, or harmonic patterns with few or slowly changing variations
Composers:
La Monte Young
Steve Reich
Philip Glass
John Adams
Terry Riley -
First generation of Bluetooth is developed by Ericsson Mobile. A form of data communication on short distances between electronic devices
-
DVD is an optical disc storage format, invented and developed by Philips, Sony, Toshiba, and Panasonic in 1995. DVDs offer higher storage capacity than Compact Discs while having the same dimensions.
-
blue cathedral
Higdon’s blue cathedral is an orchestral tone poem written to commemorate the anniversary of the Curtis Institute in Philadelphia -
Doctor Atomic
The opera is about the creation of the atomic bomb by a team of scientists
by Adam