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Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
His writings were incredibly influential on our Romantic composers. He wrote poetry, dramas, an autobiography, books about literature, 4 novels, and scientific books on anatomy, botany, and color. -
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Luigi Cherubini
Wrote a French opera titled Lodoiska -
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Ludwig van Beethoven
He is the transitional figure from the Classical to the Romantic style. Made his living in Vienna as a performer before he gained fame as a composer who composed in all genera's. Began loosing his hearing as a young man and the paranoia that the deafness intensified, isolated him from society. -
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Chancellor of Austria, Klemenz Wenzel von Metternich
Hosted the Congress of Vienna and was instrumental in shaping social activities (salons) -
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Carl Maria von Weber
Composed the first German romantic opera “Der Freischütz” (The Magic Bullet, 1819-21). -
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The French Revolution
The French Revolution started as a protest over taxes -
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Giacomo Meyerbeer
Jewish German composer who studied in Italy and composed French opera in Paris. -
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Gioacchino Rossini
The most important opera composer in the early 19th century. -
Paris Conservatoire
France founded the Paris Conservatory as a state institution for the training of musicians -
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Gaetano Donizetti
Italian opera composer. -
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Franz Schubert
Composed in all genres, over 600 Lieder. Mostly a freelance composer; earned his income from teaching and publishing his music. -
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Vincenzo Bellini
Italian opera composer. -
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Hector Berlioz
One of the most important early innovators of new orchestration and genres. Composed works that are neither operas, symphonies, or oratorios. He was one of the first conductors to stand in front of the orchestra and conduct. -
Fidelio
The one opera that Beethoven composed and it was in the Rescue Opera genera -
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Fanny Mendelssohn
Sister of Felix, composer. Goethe remarked that the siblings were equal in talent. Compisition was outside the norm for a woman to be doing. Some of her works could be under her brothers name. -
Symphony No. 5 in C Minor, Opus 67
Composed in Vienna 1804-1808; first performed in 1808. The first movement is constructed almost entirely from the 4-note opening motive. -
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Felix Mendelssohn
Composer of most genres, revived of J.S. Bach’s music in Leipzig. -
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Robert Schumann
More important as an editor and promoter of music. German composer, writer, and pianist. -
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Frédéric Chopin
Pianist (delicate style) and composer. Called the poet of the piano. Most appreciated by other musicians and by the upper class. -
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Franz Liszt
Piano virtuoso, writer, conductor, composer, innovator, supporter of Wagner. -
Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung
An article was published about Beethoven’s instrumental music written by E. T. A. Hoffmann (1776-1822). In 1813 Hoffmann calls Beethoven a genius -
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Richard Wagner
Wagner’s musical innovations in harmony and orchestration revolutionized instrumental music and opera. He was appointed as the second Kapellmeister for the King of Saxony in Dresden. Spent time in Switzerland; wrote about music, himself, drama, and other composers. -
Erlkönig
Based on the legend that whoever is touched by the king of the elves must die. It was sang by one singer doing all of the parts. -
The Carlsbad Decrees
These decrees placed severe limits on freedom of expression by individuals, including artists, and institutions such as Universities and presses. -
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Clara Schumann (Wieck)
Virtuoso pianist, composer, wife of Robert. Had already written the majority of her piano concerto by age 13. -
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Jacques Offenbach
Known for his opérettes. -
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Bedřich Smetana
Best known for his programmatic cycle of 6 symphonic poems called Má vlast (My Country). Smetana is considered the founder of Czech music. By 1874 he had gone completely deaf. -
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Stephen Foster
He was the first American to make a living as a professional songwriter. -
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Louis Moreau Gottschalk
American Nationalist who born in New Orleans. He was a child prodigy on the piano. Chopin said he would become “the king of pianists." -
Symphonie fantastique - Berlioz
A program symphony in 5 movements. -
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Johannes Brahms
Brahms was the younger composer of the group. German romantic composer who continued the classical traditions, especially in form. -
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Georges Bizet
Blended styles into opéra comique with Carmen. -
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Antonin Dvořák
Czechoslovakian nationalist composer. He took an interest in the United States’ folk music and he studied Black American cultures and music of the Native Americans. -
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Ignacy Jan Paderewski
Polish pianist and composer he was also the Prime minister and foreign minister of Poland in 1919. -
Má vlast
Má vlast was a tone poem. It described the Vltava.