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The process of change from an agrarian and handicraft economy to one dominated by industry and machine manufacturing.
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Important as critic, editor, and composer; center of musical life; lost his sanity at a young age
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Polish/French composer and pianist; he innovated new piano techniques; he is more famous today than during his lifetime; known for his character pieces
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Virtuoso pianist; conductor; author; supporter of Wagner; innovator in musical form, aesthetics, and harmonies; inventor of the orchestral tone poem
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Known as “Él Libertador” across South America, Simón Bolivar helped to sow the seeds of rebellion and independence in many countries in the northern parts of South America.
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British music society
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The leading Italian opera composer of the 19th century; became a national hero of Italy
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Creator of German Music Drama; conductor; writer; musical innovator; wrote about music of the future; Anti-Semite; profoundly influenced Western harmony
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Poem of the same name by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. “Erlkönig” is considered by many to be one of the greatest ballads ever penned.
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reorganized Europe after the Napoleonic Wars. It began in September 1814, five months after Napoleon I’s first abdication and completed its “Final Act” in June 1815, shortly before the Waterloo campaign and the final defeat of Napoleon. The settlement was the most-comprehensive treaty that Europe had ever seen.
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Viennese composer, conductor, and violinist; called the "Waltz-King"
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Austrian composer; known as a classic-romantic; strong knowledge of the musical past; one of the first editors of Bach's music; conductor, pianist; friends with the Schumanns; never wrote an opera
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French composer, pianist, organist, and writer
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The most famous of the Czech composers; lived in USA; influenced by African-American and Native American music and culture
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American; leader of the U.S. Marine Band in 1880
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English composer; received international acclaim; not folksong oriented
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Italian opera composer; gift for delicate melodies; strove for realism; the most successful Italian opera composer after Verdi