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Transforming The West
This time period was the process of helping to populate the West by bringing in settlers through different types of Acts & Movements. As people from over the world were coming in to America, problems arose and damage to the environment effected the people. Native Americans seemed to be a huge problem in order for the West to expand. Battles were fought and the West was romanticized for the people by Buffalo Bill. -
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Becoming An Industrial Power
America was soon becoming the most powerful and resourceful growing country in the world by bringing different changes that are being used around the globe. Products such as steel and oil play a huge part in developing America as an Industrial power. Nonetheless, the U.S still suffered to better the working environment and jobs. -
Transcontinental Railroad
This was the first Transcontinental Railroad that was 1,912-miles long. It was a continuous railroad line that was constructed between 1863 and 1869 that connected the existing eastern U.S. rail networks. Before the Transcontinental railroad existed, it was extremely expensive to go places, and especially across the continent- but this Railroad lowered train prices and made it much more convenient for people to travel. Trips that took six weeks was now reached in just three days. -
Andrew Carnegie
Andrew Carnegie was a Scottish immigrant who came to America for high hopes and a better life. He dealt with steel and worked hard to support his family. He decided to invest in steel for he saw that it was going to be huge and an important product in everyday American lives. He was the first to invest in the Bessemer Process which was a mass production process of strong steel for low prices. He gave back to the community and was known to be one of the richest men in the late 19 century. -
Grange
Patrons of Husbandry was a fraternal organization in America where farmers formed societies to bond together and find different solutions for agriculture. Granges was an organization to help further advocate political and economic welfare for the community of husbandry (training of horses). By the 1870's, many members joined and it became a powerful politic group. This was one of the first populist movement in the United States. -
Laissez Faire
Laissez Faire was an economic system where the government agreed to stay out of the economic private sphere of the public. There were no regulations or rules in this economic system. The laissez faire system was heavily impacted on economic policy during the industrial revolution. because of low wages and dangerous, working environments, it became crucial that economic attitudes can result that governments must stop interfering with the public. -
John D. Rockefeller
Rockefeller was an American oil industrial business man and philanthropist who basically followed the same steps as Carnegie. By the 1880's, Rockefeller controlled about 90 percent of the domestic oil of U.S pipelines and refineries. He also went from Horizontal integration to Vertical Integration (handling many parts of a company to being engaged in diff parts of production). Rockefeller also invented Trusts and Holding Companies which came to be the two most important elements in US History. -
Conflict with the Natives
From beginning of time, Natives also faced difficulties against Americans, even during the the expansion Westward. Even tho Indians were pushed West by the whites, they still wanted Natives out of their land when gold was found in South Dakota. Natives were also exposed to diseases that Columbus had brought over. Because whites wanted Natives off "their" land, they would purposely kill off the buffalo, using only few parts of its body and leaving the rest to rot. -
Inventions/ Products
In the Industrial Era, many new inventions were designed and became popular quickly. Developments such as the Kodak camera, light bulb, motion picture cameras, and phonographs. Before only pictures were taken in a dull black and white photograph, but by the late 19th century, motion pictures were introduced and widely became popular. -
Battle of Little BigHorn
Indians refereed to this battle as "Greasy Grass" for it marked the end of General George Custer. George Custer is the one who led the battle on the American side. However he disobeyed the 'rules' of war by not being prepared nor did he bother to check the size of the Native's army. The Natives easily outnumbered George Custer's' army and defeated him and his men. The media ended up portraying Custer as a hero & as a victim. This gave an excuse to other Americans to further expand in the West. -
Growing Cities
There was a rapid growth of cities during the Gilded Age. Many immigrants came from the rural areas to start a better life including Caribbeans, European, & Asian. Cities were very diverse with ethnic enclaves such as Chinatown & Little Italy. The urban area was critical for success, easier to live and work,&had more comfortable homes. However cities still faced problems such as too many people and not enough money.Disease was also easily spread because of how close families lived in tenements. -
Strikes
Workers started striking because of harsh & unfair treatment in the working place. They started walking out of their jobs in hope of better pay. However polices routinely broke up strikes and arrested the leaders. Furthermore, Unions didn't have enough money to continue striking, so they had no choice but to continue working. The Great Uprising of 1877 was a strike where employers from the railroad were angry because of cut wages. This spread across the country as labor unions became organized. -
Farmer's Alliance
This was a political organization that took over the Granger Movement with 5 million white members. Farmers sought to protect their farming land from industrial monopolies and from promotion regulations on commerce and tax reform. Farmers didn't want to be overcharged for shipping crops and higher interest loans. As farmers wanted better loans and higher insurance, they wanted to become one political group to fight off monopolies. The Farmers' Alliance eventually won big during the 1980's. -
Period: to
The Gilded Age
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Immigrants
Immigration in the United States increases as many saw new and better opportunities in the Americas. People such as the Swedish, German, Irish and Chinese came in with high hopes for a better life. Unfortunately many faced racism and violence. The Irish and Chinese were used as wage workers and were put in harsh working climates. Soon in 1882 an Act was passed where immigration to the United States was banned. -
Economy of The West
The usage of railroads increases making transportation much easier, New lands were opened for farming and new markets. Mining took on a huge factor in the process of expanding towards the West.Time zones also became very important for people to know the departing and arriving times for he train. Farmers started training horses, known as Patrons of Husbandry. -
Political Machines
Political machines granted jobs to people as the government would build contracts to those that did them in favor, including getting the favor to vote and the working party would get others to vote. Large cities were in in need of a new political structure and wanted mobilization of immigrants. The ward bosses were city council members who were district captains and had close relationships with business. -
Social Darwinism
SocialDarwinism was the idea that the rich were prosperous because they adapted to the changes as the world changed around them and that's why they're rich. The idea was that poor people were unfit since they were unable to adapt to the changes & the rich were advocated against helping the poor. The KOL wanted to get rid of market competition for a coperative one. It was a secret organization so it wouldn't get sabotaged by employees. It wanted an 8 hour work day with equal pay for men and women -
Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show
William Fredrick Cody or more known as Buffalo Bill was a former scout and buffalo hunter who wanted to start his own West show portraying the life of the people in the West but in a more romanticized way. The main reason was because people often saw the West as a n adventurous place to be. Many people ended up loving and enjoying the show, so much that even Indians were apart of it- including Sitting Bull! Buffalo Bill was later known as One of the "greatest showman on Earth" -
Mining
The West produced gold, silver, and even zinc, copper, and lead- which made lots of fortune, property, and helped lead to Industrial Revolution.Many miners were Mexican , but mainly Chinese male who either got paid low wages or none at all. Another successful gold rush after the California 1849 was the Klondike Gold Rush was discovered in Alaska was widely successful. -
Dawes Severalty Act
This Act was passed by the Congress to make Natives assimilate to the American Christian Society. The Act stated that 160 acres of land would given to Indian tribes and smaller tracts would be given to unmarried Natives. This act also allowed the Natives to apply for citizenship in the U.S and was meant so that Natives would be recognized as individuals rather than just tribes. However, the land given was agriculturally poor and speculators ended up driving the Natives off the given land. -
Native Americans
There were still many Native tribes roaming the plains- which the federal government wanted to help spread more into the West for people to settle there. Americans acquired territories from the Natives by making treaties which were later broken. Buffalo was the main hunting animal in order for Natives to survive. Americans saw this as an opportunity to help themselves in expanding West. They hunted down the buffalo's only using what they needed of it and leaving the rest as was. -
Women
Middle class women had more free time now that machines were relied on for doing all the dirty work.Women wanted to do more in the community, wanted increased roles, and also wanted to attend college for more advance studies.Women were known as the champions of temperance since they had to deal with their drunk & abusive husbands The Bicycle Craze was an independent movement for women in the 1900s where they were criticized for being immoral and 'shameless'.Women also attended opera and theatres -
Corporations
Corporations became one of the biggest key changes in American Industrialization in the early 1900's. Small business were publicly owned through stocks but only had limited liability to it. Big business corporations such as railroads and telegraphs expanded business rapidly. For example, Cornelius Vanderbilt was an American philanthropist who invested his money in railroad tracks and trade. He owned this corporation which grew to be one of the most easily used route to trade and travel. -
Working/Labor
Working conditions were still bad during the late 19th century. Child labor was still common, hours were still long, and employees were still paid very less with the awful conditions in the working place. Exploitation was common among employees where they'd be treated unfairly just so the companies were in benefit. Workers were expected to continuously work for straight 12 hours without any bathroom or lunch breaks and in silence. Employers were also put on blacklists so they wouldn't be hired. -
Pullman Strike
The Pullman strike was an international strike through all railroad workers because workers were either laid off or had cut wages due to the Depression of 1893. The American Railway Union shut down American Railroads. The strikers eventually gains attention and support from the public through the media. This leads to more consideration towards the Pullman Strikes and even more strikers. -
Monopolies
Monopolies were people who were an individual (or a few) that put their wealth into a particular market or a sector of the econom.y. They waned to control the prices and be privileged to carry out businesses by investing in railroads, oil, or steel- all granted by the government- since their was no competition from surrounding companies. One of the first big monopolies was the railroad industry controlled by Cornelius Vanderbilt. -
The Great Migration
This migration was where African Americans fled Jim Crow from the South to North. This migration started about 300 thousand and grew to more than 70 million people between 1890 & 1970. Many of these African Americans and immigrants sought a better economic life for more opportunities.Others fled to escape war, persecution,or starvation.This migration soon had a huge impact on cities since that's where most of them migrated to, making the cities very diverse but also harder to compete for jobs. -
Period: to
Imperial America
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Reform
Bribes were very common so police forces reformed to where they couldn't take bribes from the public. Sanitation in most areas was also improved. A New type of reform was public parks to where people were open to taking walks in the park or spend time in. Education starts playing an important factor in the Gilded Age. Attending public school and the Pledge of Allegiance becomes mandatory, However immigrants were being "Americanized" in schools and weren't allowed to speak their native language. -
Depression of 1893
Also known as the Panic of 1893, this was one of the worst economic depressions in American history. Banks and railroads collapsed as railroads were overbuilt which set off banks. Many people started questioning Laissez- Faire & capitalism. People marched on Washington showing patriotism & many went on strikes as this depression lasted six years and led to economic hardships, civil unrest, & protests.This led to hurting many companies leading to workers being laid off and salaries being cut. -
Mail Order Catalogues
Montgomery Ward was the first ever catalog which brought department stores into the rural areas. Mail Catalog contained of general merchandise that the public would buy with businesses. Richard Sears was the first to come up with the "Sears Catalogue" which was a book and had pictures, prices, and names products of what each consumer would buy. Things became much easier for the public to actually see what they wanted to buy and different products. It was later known as Sears Roebuck & Co. -
Lifestyle in The Gilded Age
City centers started to became the focus of commerce as no one lived in the center. Mass transits and skyscrapers sored as the urban area grew.There was starting to be a slight rise of the middle class as there were less immigrants and these middle class people became more established, sought more to education,and had fewer kids for a more balanced life.Because people had more free time on their hands,sports started to come into play for young men as women were attracted to new shopping centers. -
Teddy Roosevelt
Theodore Roosevelt was United States youngest President at the age of 42 only because he was McKinley was assassinated when Teddy was just the Vice President. Teddy was always a positive person with energy & enthusiasm. He was athletic, loved to give speeches, and was a very likable person- especially after he saved a bear cub, hence his nickname. Theodore believed that the United States was at a crossroad and wanted to make it a better and fair country for everyone. -
Yellow Journalism
Yellow Journalism is known is an American term for Journalists who use dramatic, sensational, and highly exaggerated stories so that the public would buy the newspapers because of how interesting it looks. This was became big when it was used on the Spanish to make them look bad;Yellow journalists published stories where it said Spain raped and abused women and murdered people in Cuba- which was all not true.Journalists also made the sinking of U.S.S Maine look like the Spanish did it on purpose -
Period: to
The Progressive Era
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Preserving Nature
Nature was one of Progressive Era reforms. The goal was to expand National Parks and monuments as Animal sanctuaries were also created. Teddy Roosevelt supported this for he was a conversationalist and a realist. He later created the National Park System in 1916 which manages all National parks, monuments, and historical sites to this day. The public were also in support of the creation for the National Park System. -
Civil Rights
Two black civil right intellectuals who wanted to improve lives of black people but had different perspectives were Booker T Washing and W.E.B Dubois. Booker T Washington was a black intellectual who had went through slavery and wanted equal rights. However he wanted to the whites to respect blacks without having to use force. He just wanted economic improvement not social justice. On the other hand, W.E.B Dubois wanted immediate action and rights and economic betterment for blacks. -
Cries for War
The United States President,McKinley,didn't want to go to war with Spain but feels pressure to do so by the people around him. If America did go to war, it would be a chance for Cuba to have their Independence. American politics and public were in favor of America going to war with Spain.McKinley is cornered with critics and tension and Congress ends up declaring war. Congress passes the Teller Amendment so that annexing Cuba will become illegal. The war only lasted four months globally in 1898 -
Spanish American War
The Spanish American War was fought between the United States and Spain in 1898 when America decoded to invest in Cuba after its failed rebellion from Spain. United States declared war on Spain because media portrayed that Spain sank the Battleship Maine in Havana harbor on February 15, 1898 which angered the U.S.The United States ended up acquiring Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines in the war and also gained temporary control over Cuba- which was where most of the exports came from to U.S -
Battle of San Juan Hill/ San Juan Heights
This battle took place in Santiago de Cuba on July 1, 1898 between America- Cuban and the Spanish under the Spanish American War. Theodore Roosevelt creates an army with 300 thousand people and races to the top of the hill to secure their position. The Americans end up surrounding the Spaniards around Santiago, Cuba which makes it easier for Americans to defeat them. Cuba then falls in July 1898. -
China
China had a weak military and a poor economy. Foreign powers end up going into China and carve out trade centers but also come in with rivalries. The United States sponsored an agreement called the Open Door Policy which basically stated that the Chinese market should be open to everyone.There was no duties under the policy a became a Chinese collection product fees. Since Americans were worried about European powers taking over economically, this helped stop the European colonization of China. -
People's Party
The Peoples Party was a formed third party by workers & farmers.They wanted better served interests and independent of establishment.This Party was also known as Populist Party who helped fight corruption and greed.They wanted to eliminate monopolies & wanted the coinage of silver instead of the gold standard.These people also wanted graduated income tax & wanted to have somewhat control of the market. The Democrats & Republicans attacked the Populists & didn't end up performing well nationally. -
Trustbuster
Trust busters was the idea to strengthen the Interstate Commerce Commission which regulated big businesses such as transportation, oil, and telecommunications- which were all rising in the economy. President Teddy supported this for he was a Populist and was also a trust buster. However, Teddy didn't always see Trusts as bad, only when they had a negative side effect. Trust busters were against Trusts and monopolies since they were illegal in the United States. -
The American Empire
In the election of 1900, William Jennings Bryan ran as a democrat and William McKinley runs for the Republicans. McKinley ends up winning with Theodore Roosevelt as President. Meanwhile in Philippines, imperialism wanted to be kept but anti-imperialists wanted independence. Filipinos revolted against the American rule and didn't believe in racial superiority. Philippines took out U.S and Spain by using the Guerrilla Warfare -
The Jungle
The Jungle was a book written by Upton Sinclair who was a struggling immigrant with a family of poverty and lived in bad conditions. He wrote this book to show the reality of the food industry ad how they sold off rotten meat with even rat feces or cut off fingers of people from working in the harsh conditions. Because of this book the government decided to condemn a meat inspection too all the food industries. The public soon became more cautious of what they bought and ate. -
Henry Ford
Henry Ford was a man who forever changed auto industry, how people live, &how we use transportation. Although Ford did not invent the automobile or the assembly line,he was a sponsor of the development of the assembly line technique of mass production.He reduced the costs of his model, standardized auto parts, improved his machinery, and produced more for less.He passed on benefits to the workers as 5 dollars a day through a contract.Ford gave an 8 hour workday with 5$ and worked out a deal them -
Japanese Immigration
Japan was ahead in military power as a strong and one of the most modern country. They fight the Russians- Russo-Japanese War- and ended up winning which left the Russians shocked.Teddydecided to negotiate a peace treaty with Japan making him look better.The Japanese wanted to come to the U.S for a better life but white people were afraid immigrants would take over more of their jobs so they wanted a halt on Japanese immigration. The Gentlements Agreement was passed to limit Japanese immigration -
Election of 1912
Teddy Roosevelt decides to run again for presidency just because he hated Howard Taft so much- he was nominated by the Republicans. The Progressive Republicans follow Roosevelt and his Bull Moose Statement which stated New Nationalism. But Howard Taft is running against the Democrats. The Democrats nominated a New Jersey governor, Woodrow Wilson, a racist who was about 'new freedom'. Wilson ends up winning the election against Taft. -
Beginning of WW1
It all began with the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand by Gavrilo Princip (a black hand member)which angered the Austria-Hungarians.They demanded the polices to get involved & the judges to investigate the case.Once Serbia refuses the investigation,war is declares &allies are made.Germany is allied with Austria-Hungary, Russia was allied with Bosnia and Russia.Great Britain declare war on Germanywho then attack France.The central powers are Germany, Austria- Hungary,& the Ottoman Empire -
Period: to
World War 1
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United States as Neutral Power
America wanted to stay neutral and didn't want to get involved in an expensive war;they wanted to keep trading with everyone, mainly Britain because of the same culture.However,Britain & Germany blockade each other causing the central powers to be blocked meaning America's trade is effected.America told Germans not to target U.S passenger ships yet Germans did as passengers were on the ship,which angered the United States.British and American passengers ships are sink causing 1200 people to die -
President Woodrow Wilson
Wilson was the 28th President of the U.S who led America through WW1 & introduced "Wilson's 14 Points" which was a goal to create League of Nations& world peace.The Republicans wanted isolation & didn't want to get involved in foreign and expensive wars after America had gotten involved into WW1 after trying to keep neutral.However many people protested & strike against this because they didn't want anyone controlling U.S. Wilson later becomes paralyzed and runs in office through his wife. -
Mexican Revolution
The United States currently has tense relations with Mexico. Since America supports Mexico's government, a man named Pancho Villa attacks Columbus, New Mexico thus making the U.S attack on Mexico. Pancho Villa gets chased into the desert by a general named John Pershing. As president Wilson is planing war, Germany resumes to attack American merchant ships since the U.S is supplying Britain with weapons. Germany is also interested in Mexico and supports the rebellions. Americans are ready to war. -
Weapons
Weapons changed the way people fought in War because of new technology & machinery.New types of weapons such as poison gas, tanks, and artillery were being used. The Germans were the first to use poison gas such as mustard gas against enemies which caused faster distraction & killed more at once.Britain,France,Russia & U.S had all developed submarine forces before Germany began development of its U-Boats.Another major weapon used was machine guns which allowed the killing of multiples at once. -
European Developements
The Western front is mainly trenches in small areas that were not more than 20 miles and it lasted about four years from 1914-1917. They used new developments and technologies for war such as mustard gas, airplanes, tanks, and machine guns all which kill millions of people. The Eastern front was larger than the Western front but was trench-less. Russia turns communist after Imperial Russia collapses and the Peace Treaty with Central powers is signed. This will make World War 1 a one-front war. -
Home-Front
The Home Front during World War 1 was the life in Britain during the war. The Home Front saw a massive change in the role of women, rationing, and the bombing of parts of Britain by the Germans . Food prices were high because most of it was conserved for troops and the military. Women started taking over business and started working in factories because the men were away in war. The Great Migration of African Americans to the North continued because they still faced discrimination in the South. -
Hysteria
A wave of anti-German hysteria, fueled patriotism which resulted in hostility toward all things German and the persecution of GermanAmericans.Since German spies put explosives along the ocean so that supplies could be cut from America to Britain.The Espionage Act is passed where crime will be obstruct military recruitment,encouraged mutiny, spread lies.German Americans were discriminated bc of Germans did &had to change their last name & had to stop speaking German. Some were killed or assaulted -
End of the WW1
WW1 ended without a major defeat after Germans called an armistice.The U.S was in great debt bc of all the lives that were lost in the war.2,550 people died per day in the Battle ofArgonne Forest. 722K people died in Britain,1.3 million in France,1.8 million in Germany,& 116,500 AmericansThe Paris Peace Conference was held in secret & left Germany out.The Treaty of Versaille was signed which caused a downfall for Germany's economy;couldn't rebuild their economy,they had to give up their colonies -
Cars
Car ownership starts to explode as transportation becomes a lot easier for people. Ford's Model T and assembly line revolutionized the industry and the way people moved around. Ford put out cars for 20-40% of take home income which many buy over credit since not a lot of people could afford it. By 1920 Henry Ford sold over a million cars to people. However cities started to become polluted due to more usage of cars. -
Speakeasies
Speakeasies were secret bars that required a password for people to get in to consume alcohol.These secret bars were usually run by the mafia. As speakeasies got more popular,middle& upper class women also started to attend which people didn't see as bad or the first time.Speakeasies also made Jazz very popular as people came to enjoy it.There were still some women arguing about prohibition & how drinking alcohol was impure& could kill people.Furthermore,the 21st amendment makes alcohol illegal. -
Period: to
The 1920's
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Women in the 20's
The 19th Amendment gives women the ability to vote for the first time in the U.S. Women will also be allowed in the work place and get paid, but only to a limit. Women soon become 25 percent of the workplace and are allowed to be teachers, secretaries, and phone operators. Advertisements slowly start targeting women since they're the ones that make most of the home purchases. Women also get educated about birth control and abortion by a women names Margaret Sanger, who later gets arrested. -
Working Life
Before WW1 workers were guaranteed safety and good wages but because of WW1, there was no guarantee for that. Big businesses go back to the normal after World War one. Strikers were starting to be accused of communism and union memberships were on all-time high. The Republicans loved big businesses as trust laws are still not well enforced. However people do get benefits such as sick leaves, pensions or retirement money, medical insurance, paid vacations, and stock ownership in companies. -
Harlem Renaissance
The Harlem Renaissance was an artistic movement in the 1920's and following up to the 1930's filled with photographers, musicians, and writers. The Harlem Renaissance was mainly focused on the improvement for black peoples lives and their community. Whites start to adapt the black culture and some even started their own bands. However some lacks would straighten their and bleach their skin. Jazz plays an important role in the Renaissance as it becomes very popular among blacks and whites. -
New Industries
The automobile industry became a huge importance as car manufactures such as Henry Ford experienced increased growth in car production.Before cars were seen as only for the luxury people but by the 1920s it became common.Because of cars,oil industries also boom due to so much use of cars, electricity, etc. Oil production soars rapidly and makes industries even larger. Roads also start playing a big role in people's everyday lives.Roads start expanding into bridges and tunnels across the country. -
The Lost Generation
The Lost Generation was called 'Lost' because the negativity and fatalistic experiences with world war one left soldiers feeling depressed. People started to rebel against Victorian values; people such as F Scott Fitzgerald, Gertrude Stein, Ernest Hemmingway, and T.S. Elliott were all against the public codes of conduct. They believed sexual liberation is healthy and they they should be able to do sexual activities in public. Their idea was to escape unhealthy confines of modern life. -
Leisure
As machinery took over most jobs for Americans,they had more leisure time. This is one people started going out shopping just for the satisfaction.People started going on car rides for fun & listening to the radio all day as that was the TV at the time.Vacuums and other household items were also invented which kept people busy.Sports such as baseball,tennis, and boxing also became popular sports for people at the time.More people started watching silent films as Charlie Chaplin became more liked -
TeaPot Dome Scandal
The Teapot Scandal was one of the biggest scandals in the twentieth century. Albert Fall who was a secretary. Harding's cabinet was convicted of accepting bribe while in office,which was and is illegal. Fall becomes one of the first cabinet member in U.S history to go to prison for accepting large sums of money from private oil companies in exchange for the oil companies to control government oil reserves. He was the 1st cabinet member ever to be convicted of his crimes while in office. -
Ku Klux Klan
The KKK starts to become popular among the public as many people end up joining as a wave following Suffrage,Prohibition, and immigration.Officers from the government tried to suppress the movement but even some members of the government joined the KKK.By the 1920s,there are more than million members of the KKK some joined just for the social experience-even if they weren't racists.Thousands of lynchings and burning took place by the KKK members and black communities were assaulted by white mobs -
Temperance Movement
Frances Willard was an American educator, temperance reformer, and women's suffragist who was against the consumption of alcohol. The Temperance movement focused on men who constantly drank alcohol and made women a victim because of how abusive they would be towards them. the 18th Amendment was passed outlawing the manufacturing and transportation of drinking liquor. However the amendment was ratified later in 1919. The Volstead Act had a certain percentage to how much alcohol could be consumed -
Enforcement
Police were sent to neighborhoods to break into clubs and were told to destroy or smash liquor so that people would stop drinking it.The government hoped that the society would become more law-abiding, however this backfired and people started taking in alcohol more. People found ways to manufacture alcohol 'legally'.Italian mafias start financing breweries and bribe cops into letting them pass. A well known crime boss was Al Capone.He organized the St. Valentines Massacre &killed competitions -
Scopes Monkey Trial
The Scopes Monkey Trial took place in Dayton Tennessee after a man names John Scopes takes on the challenge against the law to teach about evolution in public schools. Many people didn't believe in science on how they said evolution took place and were against teaching it to students in school. As soon as cops find out Scopes is put on trial by William Jennings Bryan, a strong believer in the Bible fundamental. Scopes was eventually found guilty and was charged 100$. -
Charles Lindbergh
Lindbergh was the first man to cross the Atlantic Ocean in an airplane He made the airplane himself called the Spirit of St.Louis.He was able to fly from New York City to Paris non- stop.The man was able to do so w/o sleeping for 55 hours as it took him 33.5 hours to fly across the Atlantic w no radio.Airplanes became popular &numerous as Lindbergh becomes known worldwide.However his popularity leads people to kidnap his son who they ended up killing & people hated him for being a Nazi supporter -
Beginnings of Depression
Herbert Hoover was the president of this time;he was a good person but a bad public speaker & mostly kept to himself.For now the economy is high & everything is going good but then the market crashes in October1929 due to over production of goods. Companies produced too many cars fridges,vacuums & other important products.This leads to a falling demand since people have limiting purchase power and they didn't have much saved up to buy things.This causes unequal distribution of money among worker -
Octobe 20, 1929
Investors start selling off their stocks before they go in loss & cash all their money.Thousands of people rely on banks so no one loses their money,However the money wasn't guaranteed back.It depended on how early you got to the bank;millions of people losttheir savings because of this. There were 3 crucial issues: There was a speculation of stocks using the investors money to finance it, they used short term loans to buy stock interests, & the prices over inflates making the stock prices fall -
Hoover's Response
The severity of the economy is not being noticed by anyone, including Hoover.This depression begins a 10 year worth of crisis over the country making it the largest in U.S history.The government decided to lend money to big businesses hoping they could fix the economy but it doesn't work.Hoover believes the government could do so much to help the economy &believes the economy should fix itself.Tariffs are raised and foreign goods won't be bought anymore which takes the depression internationally -
Period: to
The Great Depression
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Election of 1932
Herbert Hoover is running as a candidate from the Republican Party against Franklin Delano Roosevelt, a democrat. The election took place against the backdrop of the Great Depression.election of 1932 took place as the effects of the 1929 Wall Street Crash and the Great Depression were being felt intensely across the country. President Herbert Hoover's popularity was falling as voters felt he was unable to reverse the economic collapse, or deal with prohibition. -
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
FDR was the 1st modern President to step into office and won the election easily because of the depression.He was the 5th cousin of Teddy Roosevelt & married his 3rd cousin,Eleanor. Roosevelt was diagnosed with Polio in 1921 but only on the legs.He was charismatic,likable,& a happy person.He ends up running 4 times for president & wins.he sets up The New Deal which is a reform to fight Depression as regulations are high.He surrounds himself with smart people so that new gov agencies are created -
Eleanor Roosevelt
Eleanor Roosevelt was FDR's wife and his eyes and ears since he was paralyzed with polio. FDR saw Eleanor as his right hand person. She was a very caring person who believed equality for all, blacks and whites. She always fought for equality and never really stepped into the south side because she hated how African Americans were treated. Eleanor did a lot of traveling to help people around the country. She is the first modern first lady and helps open door for all women. -
Social Change
Huey Long was a socialist and a former corrupt governor of Louisiana who was nicknamed the King Fish.He became the senator and had political ambitions for people Long believed the New Deal was a good idea but it wasn't going fast enough for the Depression to end. He wants to redistribute wealth so everybody has a guaranteed income. He didn't want anyone to make over a million dollars and believed every man should be a king.Long wants more benefits for veterans and better education support. -
Supreme Court Packing
The Supreme Court Packing was an idea proposed by President FDR to add more justice to the U.S. Supreme Court.It was first conservative & claimed that justice's old age is hampering the decisions.It proposed increasing the number of justices from 9 to 15.This happened to be FDRs most drastic failure as people thought to believe he was trying too hard & that he wanted all the power. The Republicans won in 1928 &halted the New Deal as SCOTUS fell in line & upheld the other New Deal Legislation -
Munich Conference
Adolf Hitler promises not to take any more territory from Europe as long as Sudetenland is given back. Britain agrees and thinks he's telling the truth but Hitler as other plans. He's convinced that his allies are weak and that his people need more living space so he starts targeting Eastern Europeans. Since Germany is in the center Hitler wants to first take out the easy side fast so he can focus on the other. Hitler didn't wanna fight a 2 front wave and so he takes out the West first. -
Beginning of WWII
World War 2 begins as Germany violates the Treaty of Versailles by arming themselves and re-establishing their army. Germany becomes ahead of everyone by their military army and they annex Austria. Hitler wants all German-speaking people unite so he wants Sudetenland back from Czechoslovakia. The Nazi group start becoming so big that Britain is afraid and they call for a peace meeting. -
American Neutrality WW2
The president, Franklin Roosevelt knows that the war is going to unavoidable but supports neutrality publicly to keep the people calm. However America supplies Britain with goods and ships cause we didn't want to see them fall. Roosevelt therefore sought to provide assistance for the Allies, while still keeping the United States out of the war. He began by asking Congress to amend the neutrality laws to allow arms sales to the Allies -
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World War II
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The Dust Bowl
The Dust Bowl was caused by topsoil being blown away due to poor farming strategies. Major cities from afar were effected because of how much and strong the dust was; some dust was even found in the Atlantic Ocean. The Dust Bowl hit the Southern plains the worst causing millions of cattle suffocation that when you cut it open there would only be dust. People had to barricade themselves in their not so stable homes and couldn't farm anymore. The Dust Bowl lasts 10 years from 1930 to 1940. -
Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler was a German politician who was the leader of the Nazi Party and the Chancellor of Germany. He also attempts to coupe of the New Wiemar Republic but is arrested for treason and is put in jail for 9 months. While in prison he writes a book called Mein Kompf or My Struggle. IN his book he blames all problems on the Jews and how he wants to take over the European territory. Hitler's radical ideas take hold of people as many join the Nazi group as it soars to millions of members. -
Pearl Harbor
The attack happened on December 7 1942 as a surprise attack that no one knew about. The Japanese army disappears but suddenly attacks 8 battleships by using bombs and torpedoes. They first use spies in planes by flying low so people cannot see them from afar and attack as supplies are destroyed. 2403 sailors,soldiers and civilians were killed and about 1000 people were wounded during the attack. However the Japanese had failed to cripple the American fleet since aircraft carriers weren't there -
War in the Pacific
Since the Japanese were so brutal & violent creating the Bataan Death March where they captured 70 thousand Americans & Filipinos through the humid jungle to concentration camps.They would be treated harshly and would not be given food or water through the humidity.Japanese start taking more territory as their war tactic since they don't have more weapons America is still recovering from Pearl Harbor however they're still stronger than the Japanese military and hoped for a peace treaty from U.S
