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Paris Peace Conference
This was an international meeting in Versilles to figure out the terms of peace after World War 1. It said that Germany had to pay reparatinos for the war.
ECONOMIC - This would determine the future economy of the countries involved as they were all recovering from WWI and Germany's economy would get a lot worse after this because it was decided that they had to pay reparations. -
Benito Mussolini
Mussolini was a Socialist and created a new political group, the League of Combat. He set up the first European fascist movement.
POLITICAL - He impacted the government and made it a Fascism. -
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Weimar Republic
This type of government became the new form of government in Germany after the imperial government ended in 1918.
POLITICAL - I would consider this political because it had to do with the government but it also caused a lot of economic problems like inflation and the loss of savings. -
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New Economic Policy
The New Economic Policy was created by Lenin and was a new version of the old capitalist system.In this policy, peasants and small industries could run on their own and manage their own produce, but large busnesses were still under the control of the government.
ECONOMIC - This dealt with the economy and impacted how people ran their busnesses. -
Lenin
Lenin led the Russian Communists. He also created the New Economic Policy in 1921 which allowed peasants to privately run their own small businesses. However, larger industries were controlled by the government. He also created the Societ Union.
POLITICAL - Lenin was a leader of the communists in Russia. -
Reparations
On this date, a Reparation Commission as part of the Treaty of versailles decided the amount of reparations Germany had to pay as a result of WWI, which was 33 billion U.S. dollars. Reparations were payments for the war.
ECONOMIC - This deals with the economy because it dealth with finances, and after paying for one year, Germany ran out of money and couldn't pay anymore. -
Ruhr Valley
France set up troops into the Ruhr Valleyto collect reparations from Germany.
MILITARY - They used troops in order to collect Reparations. -
Nazi Party
Hitler took control of the Natis in 1921. When he first joined the group it was called the German Workers' Party. It was a right-wing extreme nationalist parties. It started as a small group but then grew under Hitler and eventually took over Germany.
POLITICAL - it was a socailist group of people but then became a political group when Hitler realized they would need to compete for votes with other political parties to gain power. -
Fascism
Benito Mussolini set up the first European fascist movement in Italy. A fascism glorifies the state above the individual by emphasizing the need fora strong central government led by a dictatorial ruler. The government controls the poeple and stifles any opposition.
POLITICAL - it was a political philosphy and had to do wtih having the government in control. -
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union was created by Lenin and the Communists in 1922. The Soviet Union began as one of the Axis Powers but then switched to the Allies.
SOCAIL - The Soviet Untion was a socialsit state. -
Inflation
Inflation is a rise in prices because money isn't worth as much because there is more of it. The Germans just printed more money in order to pay which raised inflation.
ECONOMIC - This impacted the economy because the value of money went down. -
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Joseph Stalin
He was the leader of the Soviet Union. He held the bureaucratic job of party general secretary. HE had complete control of the Communist Party. Stalin also came up with the Five-Year Plans.
POLITICAL - Stalin was a government leader. -
Dawes Plan
A plan by an American banker that reduced reparations and coordinated Germany's annual payyments with its ability to pay. America gave Germany a $200 million loan but it only lasted until 1929.
ECONOMY - This helped Germany's economy and allowed them to prosper, even if it only lasted for five years. -
Treaty of Locarno
The Treaty of Locarno was a signed agreement between Germany, France, and Belgium to say they would no longer have war with each other.
MILITARY - This was a military event because these countries were agreeing to not invade into the other country and cause fighting. -
Heinrich Himmler
Himmler became Hitler's deputy propoganda chief in 1926. Three years later he was put in charge of the SS. A few years after that he also became leader of the Gestapo in Germany. POLITICAL - Himmler became the commander of many groups and was the chief of the German police. -
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Five-Year Plans
The Five-Year Plans were developed by Joseph Stalin. These plans were economic goals for five-year periods to transform Russia into an industial county instead of an agricultural one. There were thirteen total, the last one ending in 1995. The first one was from 1929 to 1933.
ECONOMIC - The five-year plans helped the economy and increased production of goods, machinery, oil production, and military equipment. -
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Collectivization
Collectivization was enforced by Stalin during the five-Year Plan. It was a system in which private farms were eliminated and the government owned all of the land instead. Peasants had to work for it, but many tried to hoard crops and kill livestock which resulted in widespread famine.
POLITICAL - I think this was a political event because it gave the farms to the government and the government had a lot more control. -
Schutzstaffeln (SS)
This was a force of police put into place under the direction of Heinrich Himmler in 1929. Before that, It started as just a protection force for Hitler but then became police forces for the whole region and in the concentration camps. Their goal was to help support the Aryan master race. The groups was based on terror and ideology.
SOCIAL - I think this was a social event because it controled people and their goal was to have the "perfect" people group. -
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The Great Depression
This was a time of low economic activity and rising unemployment. The Great Depression was the worst depression. Many people were unemployed and the stock market crashed.
ECONOMIC - it was the economy that collapsed and caused the depression. -
Deficit Spending
Great Britian was experiencing high unemployment rates and limited prosperity from 1925-1929. In 1929, the Labour Party adressed these affects of the Great Depression, but they failed to solve the problem and lost their power in 1931. A British economist, John Maynard Keynes introduced deficit spending, which was allowing the country to go into debt in order to create jobs and improve the economy.
ECONOMIC - This was a plan to improve the economy after it fell during the Great Depression. -
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The Holocaust
The Holocaust was a time period when Hitler was the chancellor of Germany to the end of WWII. It was the mass killing of Jews because Hitler wanted their land and he wanted an Aryan racial state.
SOCAIL - Thousands and thousands of people were killed during the Holocaust. Most of them were innocent people who were taken from their homes and either killed imediatly or sent to concentration camps. -
Enabling Act
This law gave the government the power to ignore the constitution for four years while it issued laws to deal with the country's problems. It also made Hitler a dictator.
POLITICAL - This changed how Germany was rulled and gave it a new official leader - Hitler. -
Hitler
Hitler came to have complete control over Germany. Hitler was leader of the Nazis and Nazi Germany. He was hostile towards Jews and an extreme Nationalist.
POLITICAL - Hitler led Germany out of their loss from WWI and the Great Depression. He was a strong leader. -
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New Deal
A government project to to try stabalize the economy and provide people with jobs. During this time, the New Works Progress Administration was established (1935) which employed about 3 million people at its peak and put them to work building things like roads, offices, and airports.
ECONOMIC - It boosted the economy as it gave jobs to the unemployed. -
Concentration Camps
The Nazis started using concentration camps as places to hold people who opposed them in 1933. The people sent there were mainly Jews. If the people who were sent there weren't killed right away they were treated very harshly in bad living conditions.
SOCIAL - This was social because it was dealing with groups of people being taken away from their land and home and sent to these camps. -
Nazi State
The Nazi state was created when Hitler took power. It stated as the Nazi power and grew to be a totalitarian state that controled all of Germany under the control of Hitler. Germany became called Nazi Germany.
POLITICAL - This was a change in the government of Germany as Hitler became dictator who was in charge of the Nazis who control and occupied Germany. -
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Nuremberg party rallies
These were held every September from 1933 to 1938 in Germany. Thye used propoganda and their purpose was mainly to cause enthusiasm and excitment in people to show the Nazis were in control.
SOCIAL - This was a social event because it was geared toward exciting the people and was held each year to keep them excited about the Nazi's power. -
Nurember Laws
These were laws that defined who was considered a Jew.
SOCIAL - This said that anyone with even one Jewish grandparent was considered a Jew and would therefore be excluded from the rest of society. -
Kristallnacht
This was also called the "night of shattered glass." It was night when Nazis burned synagogues, destroyed 7000 Jewish businesses, killed 100 Jews, and sent 30,000 Jewish males to concentration camps.
SOCIAL - This impacted many people's lives, especially the Jewish population and society. It led to more discrimination against the Jews like not allowing Jews to use public transportation or buildings, and couldn't work in any retail store. The Jews were also encouraged to leave Germany. -
Franciso Franco
Franco was Spain's military general. He was also Spain's dictator from 1939 until his death.
MILITARY/POLITICAL - he was the military leader and during his leadership, civil war broke out and new weapons were used. He was also dictator.