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The first permanent English colony on American mainland founded by Captain John Smith
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Captain John Smith was a dominate force in the success of Jamestown and the establishment as the first permanent English settlement in North America. The colony was named Jamestown, in honor of the king. Many historian credit Jamestown survival to Captain Smith.
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Samuel de Champlain was a French explorer that undertook his most ambitious project which was the founding of Quebec.
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Samuel de Champlain establishes French colony of Quebec. The Relation, the first newspaper, debuts in Germany.
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Galileo sees the moons of Jupiter through his telescope.
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King James Version of the Bible was published in England. Rubens paints his Descent from the Cross.
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Arrival of "20 and odd" Africans in late August 1619, not aboard a Dutch ship as reported by John Rolfe, but an English warship, White Lion.
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Pilgrims, after three-month voyage in Mayflower, land at Plymouth Rock. 41 men aboard the Mayflower signed their names to the Mayflower compact setting the stage for modern democracy in the United States.
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New Netherlands founded by Dutch West India Company.
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Maryland founded by Lord Baltimore.
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Cavaliers, supporters of Charles I, against Round-heads, parliamentary forces. Oliver Cromwell defeats Royalists (1646).
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End of the Thirty Years’ War. German population about half of what it was in 1618 because of war and pestilence.
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First Anglo-Dutch War: The English Parliament declares war on the Dutch Republic
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Pope Innocent XI forms the Holy League to block Ottoman expansion in Europe
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Fighting begins between Sweden, Russia, Denmark, and Saxony
