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Luigi Cherubini
An Italian composer, theorist, teacher, and administrator working in Paris. He was a dominant figure in French musical life, specifically in opera and education. He composed 38 dramatic works, masses, choral music, cantatas, sonatas, chamber, and pedagogical works. -
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Ludwig Van Beethoven
Instrumental in moving music towards Romanticism. He is an icon in our present culture and established heroic topic in orchestral music and was the transitional composer between classicism and romanticism. He composed 9 symphonies, 32 piano sonatas, 1 opera, string quartets, masses, concertos, arias, lieder, overtures, chamber music, and choral music. -
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Gaspare Spontini
Italian working in Paris. He was a conductor and was Empress Josephine's favorite musician. He was the central figure in French serious opera from 1800 to 1820. He composed 24 operas, other dramatic works, songs, choral music, instrumental works, and writings. -
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E. T. A. Hoffman
German writer and composer. Writer of "The Nutcracker" fable. His writings epitomize Romanticism and was also an artist. He composed writings, stage works, piano and vocal works, some chamber and orchestral works. -
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Nicolo Paganini
Italian violinist and composer. He contributed significantly to the history of the violin and to the development of virtuosity. He composed violin-orchestral works, chamber music, violin music, violin solos, and a few works. -
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Ferdinand Ries
German composer, pianist, and copyist. He was a student of Beethoven. He composed piano works, chamber music, 8 symphonies, overtures, concertos, and 54 songs. -
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Carl Maria Von Weber
Founder of the German Romantic Opera. They studied with Michael Haydn and was an important conductor. Composed German opera, other dramatic works, cantatas, concertos, piano works, songs, 2 symphonies, and writings. -
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Gioachino Rossini
The most famous composer in the early 19th century in Vienna. He composed mostly choral music and operas. This Italian composer wrote 39 operas, choral music, vocal works, and 2 sinfonia. -
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Gaetano Donizetti
He was a student of Mayr and Verdi's immediate forerunner in serious Italian opera. Prolific composer in all genres; he composed 70 operas, symphonies, chamber music, 100 songs, and choral music. -
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Franz Schubert
Austrian composer who created a genre of artistic and dramatic Lieder. He had expansive melodies and frequent modulations. He has many unfinished works. He was romanticized after his early death. Hw wrote over Lieder, 9 symphonies, chamber music, piano works, 13 operas, and choral music. -
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Vincenzo Bellini
Italian opera composer that created dramas with extreme passion, action, and emotion. He wrote 10 serious operas. -
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Hector Berlioz
French composer, conductor, writer, and innovator. He was leading French musician in his day. His works embody the motions of Romanticism. He composed operas, choral music, chamber music, tone poems, symphonies, works of untraditional genres, vocal works, and writings. -
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Mikhail Glinka
The father of Russian music. Prolific and European trained. He composed stage works, chamber music, orchestral works, piano works, and vocal works. -
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Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel
She had the same training as Felix. She was discouraged from composing when she married, but published more. She composed an overture, 250 Lieder, 28 choral works, and chamber music. -
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Felix Mendelssohn
Early romantic composer who had a conservative style. He was important as a conductor and revived Bach's music. German composer of Jewish heritage. He wrote symphonies, concertos, chamber music, Lieder, piano and organ works. -
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Robert Schumann
Important critic, editor, and composer. He lost his sanity at a young age. He composed 4 symphonies, Lieder, chamber music, piano works, concertos, and 1 not-so-great opera. -
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Frederic Francois Chopin
Polish/French composer and pianist. He innovated new piano techniques. He is more famous today than during his lifetime. He is known for his character pieces. He composed piano concertos, chamber music that involved piano, and sonatas. -
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Franz Liszt
Virtuoso pianist, conductor, and author. He was a supporter of Wagner. He innovated musical forms, aesthetics, and harmonies. He was an inventor of the orchestral tone poem. He composed tone poems, dramatic works, Lieder, concertos, piano works, vocal works. and writings. -
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Giuseppe Verdi
The leading Italian opera composer of the 19th century. He became a national hero of Italy. He composed 26 opera and choral works. -
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Richard Wagner
Creator of German Music Drama. He was a conductor, writer, musical innovator, and wrote about music in the future. He was Anti-Semite. He influenced Western harmony and strove for endless melodies. He composed operas, music dramas, writings, and 2 poor symphonies. -
British burn down Washington DC
During the War of 1812, British Troops entered the US capital of Washington D.C. and burned many of the public buildings down, including the White House and the US Capitol building. -
Battle of Waterloo
Napoleon had returned to Paris from his imprisonment on Elba without much in the way of opposition, and had collected many of his old troops and commanders on the march. The Allies met in Vienna and decided that they would not accept the Emperor's peaceful overtures. It was here that the French were defeated by the Duke of Wellington and the Prussian Gebhard von Blücher's men. -
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Charles Gounod
French Prolific composer who wrote in most genres today. He composed 12 operas, oratorios, masses, much choral music, and piano works. -
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Clara Wieck Schumann
Virtuoso pianist who was the wife of Robert Schumann. She was a close friend of Brahms. She composed Lieder and a piano concerto. -
Harmonica invented
Invented by Friedrich Buschmann -
Accordion invented
In Vienna, the accordion was invented. -
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Cesar Franck
French Nationalist composer, teacher, and organist. He composed stage works, choral music, orchestral works, songs, chamber music, and piano/organ works. -
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Anton Bruckner
Austrian composer and organist. Follower of Wagner and is known for his large orchestrations. He took an incredibly conscientious approach to his compositions. He composed symphonies, organ works, and choral music. -
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Bedrich Smetana
Czech composer and established Czech opera in the 19th century. This Nationalist composed tone poems and opera. -
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Johann Strauss
Viennese composer, conductor, and violinist. He was called the "Waltz-King". He composed Viennese operettas. -
Scotch tape invented
I know this isn't important, but kinda of a cool fact no? haha -
Mexico abolishes Slavery
Mexico abolishes slavery in its territories, hoping to discourage migration into Texas from the United States. -
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Johannes Brahms
Austrian composer who is known as "classic- romantic". He had strong knowledge of the musical past and was one of the first editors of Bach's music. He composed 4 symphonies, concertos, choral music, chamber music, Lieder, German Requiem, piano works, and other orchestral works. -
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Camille Saint-Saens
French composer, pianist, organist, and writer. He composed stage works, choral music, songs, orchestral works, chamber music, piano works, and writings. -
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Georges Bizet
French composer who created a new type of serious French opera. He composed dramatic works, piano works, and songs. -
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Modest Musorgsky
One of the Russian Mighty Five (who is the most famous of the 5 today). His music is rooted in Russian folksong and lore. He composed operas, orchestral works, piano works, Russian songs and cycles. -
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John Knowles Paine
American organist, composer, and teacher of American composers. He was Harvard's first professor of music. He composed stage works, choral music, songs, orchestral works, piano and chamber works, and writings. -
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Pior Il'yich Tchaikovsky
Russian composer, conductor and teacher. He was westernly trained. He used conservative harmonic language. Composed stage works, 6 symphonies, symphonic poems, concertos, choral and chamber music, songs, and writings. -
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Anronin Dvorak
The most famous of the Czech composers. He lived in USA and was influenced by African-American and Native American music and culture. He composed 9 symphonies, choral music, chamber music, piano work, concertos, orchestral works, and songs. -
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Nikolay Rimsky- Korsakov
One of the Russian Mighty Five. He composed symphonies, 20 stage works, chamber music, choral music, symphonic poems, piano works, songs, and writings. -
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Gabriel Faure
French composer, teacher, and keyboardist. He foreshadowed modern tonality and style. He was the head of the Paris Conservatory. He composed stage works, songs, choral music, vocal and orchestral pieces, chamber music, piano works, and writings. -
Saxophone invented
In Belgium, Adolphe Sax invents the saxophone. -
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
The war between Mexico and the United States ends with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. The United States wins recognition of its possession of Alto California, New Mexico and Texas to the Rio Grande. Mexico is given a guarantee of rights for the people who had been living in these areas and loyal to Mexico. -
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Leos Janacek
Czech composer and ethnomusicologist. Was influenced by folk music. He composed stage works, orchestral works, chamber music, choral music, keyboard works, folksong arrangements and editions. -
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John Philip Sousa
American leader of the U.S. Marine Band in 1880. He composed over 100 marches and vocal works. -
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Edward Elgar
English composer who received international acclaim. He was not folksong oriented. He composed symphonies, overtures, 9 stage works, choral music, chamber music, and piano works. -
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Giacomo Puccini
Italian opera composer whose gift was delicate melodies. He strove for realism. He was the most successful Italian opera composer after Verdi. He composed 10 operas, vocal works, a few instrumental and chamber works. -
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Hugo Wolf
Wrote mostly Lieder and was influenced by Wagner. He composed 250 Lieder and 1 opera. -
The Blue Danube Waltz
In Vienna, the Blue Danube Waltz, by Johann Strauss, premiers. -
Carmen performed
The opera "Carmen" by Georges Bizet was first performed in Paris. He would also pass away that year.