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BEGINNING OF THE PERIOD
The Romantic period started in the 19th century -
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NAPOLEONIC WARS
The Napoleonic Wars were a series of conflicts between Napoleon's France and a shifting web of alliances among other European powers. The wars lasted from about 1800 to 1815, and for a brief time they made Napoleon the master of Europe. -
STEAM INVENTION
The first steam locomotive Cornish steam pioneer Richard Trevithick was the first to develop a high-pressure -
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
The first automobile with internal combustion engine. The first ever automobile powered by an internal combustion engine was first invented -
END OF THE PERIOD
The Romantic Period lasted until 1837. The political and economic atmosphere at the time heavily influenced this period, with many writers finding inspiration from the French Revolution. -
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VICTORIAN ERA
Named after Queen Victoria of England, the Victorian era encompassed much of the 19th century. It was a period of significant cultural, social, and scientific progress, with developments in literature (e.g., the novels of Dickens, Brontë, and Austen), art (e.g., the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood), and science (e.g., Darwin's theory of evolution). -
REPUBLICAN REVOLTS
Revolutions of 1848, a series of republican revolts against European monarchies, beginning in Sicily and spreading to France, Germany, Italy, and the Austrian Empire. They all ended in failure and repression and were followed by widespread disillusionment among liberals. -
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REALISM
A literary and artistic movement that emerged in response to the Romantic movement, focusing on depicting everyday life and social realities with accuracy and detail. Prominent realist authors include Gustave Flaubert, Leo Tolstoy, and Charles Dickens. -
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AMERICAN CIVIL WAR
The United States experienced a bloody civil war between the northern Union states and the southern Confederate states over issues of slavery, states' rights, and the preservation of the Union. The war resulted in the abolition of slavery and strengthened the federal government's authority over the states. -
MEJI RESTORATION IN JAPAN
A political revolution that saw the overthrow of the Tokugawa shogunate and the restoration of imperial rule under Emperor Meiji. The Meiji Restoration led to modernization, industrialization, and the transformation of Japan into a modern nation-state.