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The Romantic period started in the 19th century -
The Napoleonic Wars were a series of conflicts between Napoleon's France and a shifting web of alliances among other European powers. The wars lasted from about 1800 to 1815, and for a brief time they made Napoleon the master of Europe.
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The first steam locomotive Cornish steam pioneer Richard Trevithick was the first to develop a high-pressure -
The first automobile with internal combustion engine. The first ever automobile powered by an internal combustion engine was first invented
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The Romantic Period lasted until 1837. The political and economic atmosphere at the time heavily influenced this period, with many writers finding inspiration from the French Revolution. -
Named after Queen Victoria of England, the Victorian era encompassed much of the 19th century. It was a period of significant cultural, social, and scientific progress, with developments in literature (e.g., the novels of Dickens, Brontë, and Austen), art (e.g., the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood), and science (e.g., Darwin's theory of evolution).
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Revolutions of 1848, a series of republican revolts against European monarchies, beginning in Sicily and spreading to France, Germany, Italy, and the Austrian Empire. They all ended in failure and repression and were followed by widespread disillusionment among liberals. -
A literary and artistic movement that emerged in response to the Romantic movement, focusing on depicting everyday life and social realities with accuracy and detail. Prominent realist authors include Gustave Flaubert, Leo Tolstoy, and Charles Dickens.
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The United States experienced a bloody civil war between the northern Union states and the southern Confederate states over issues of slavery, states' rights, and the preservation of the Union. The war resulted in the abolition of slavery and strengthened the federal government's authority over the states.
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A political revolution that saw the overthrow of the Tokugawa shogunate and the restoration of imperial rule under Emperor Meiji. The Meiji Restoration led to modernization, industrialization, and the transformation of Japan into a modern nation-state.