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A German writer whose writings were very influential on Romantic composers. Much of his poetry was set to music, especially by Schubert. His most famous Lieder is Erlkonig (Elrking.) -
An Italian composer who is an important figure in French music, especially opera. He is also one of the first to take over the Paris Conservatoire. -
A German composer best known as a transitional figure from the Classical to the Romantic style of music. He made his living as a successful free-lancer and composed in all genres of music. -
A German author who published an article in 1813 that first described the romantic aesthetics of Beethoven. He's known to have given the "Classic" description to Haydn and Mozart. -
A Jewish German composer who studied in Italy and composed French opera in Paris. He is known for grand operas: Les Huguenots Overture Act V - Ein feste Burg. -
The most famous composer in the nineteenth century in Vienna who continued Mozart's operatic style. -
An Austrian composer who composed in all genres, mostly Lieder that were very dramatic and artistic. He, like Beethoven, was a freelance composer. -
A composer who was Verdi's forerunner in serious Italian opera. He was also prolific in all other genres. -
An Italian opera composer who created dramas with extreme passion, action, and emotion. He is famous for his opera Norma (1831.) -
A French composer, critic, and author. He is an innovator of orchestration techniques that created the modern orchestral sound. His composed works were neither operas, symphonies, or oratorios. Berlioz also was one of the first conductors to stand in front of the orchestra and conduct. -
A symphony composed by Beethoven that develops from the four-note opening motive, which appears in all four movements one way or another. -
The sister of Felix Mendelssohn who was discouraged from composing. However, she still composed many works such as Lieder, choral works, and chamber music. -
A German composer who composed most genres and revived J.S. Bach's music in Leipzig. He also served as an important conductor. -
One of the new genres of the Romantic era and it is a one-movement poetic piece for solo piano. These short pieces can range from being thirty seconds to ten minutes in length.
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Also known as symphonic poems, this new genre of music was a one-movement orchestral work that would often have programmatic associations.
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Program music is non-vocal music that has an association with something outside of the music, whether it be a story, poem, or some other suggestion by the composer.
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A German composer who is most important as an editor, critic, and promoter of music. -
A Polish/French pianist and composer who is best known for his character pieces and is credited with originating the modern piano style. His style was very delicate and virtuosic, yet poetic. -
Coming from the Classical Era, there is a change in music with the rise of minor keys, larger orchestras, longer pieces, less symmetrical phrasing, non-chord tones, chromaticism, wider range in dynamics, rubato, and complex harmonies. This is also an era surrounding extreme expression of emotions and focus of oneself. Overall, the romantic style comes from artists "breaking the rules" of previous trends.
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Some of the orchestral changes that happened during the nineteenth century include an increase in size, newer combinations of instruments, and more percussion and brass.
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During the Romantic era, music took on the forms of being longer, grandiose, or on the opposite hand, miniature, and thematic unity was crucial even in larger pieces.
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A piano virtuoso, conductor, composer, innovator in musical form, harmonies, and aesthetics, supporter of Wagner, and inventor of orchestral tone poems. -
The creator of German music drama and is known to have changed opera, harmony, and music. His music dramas dominated German opera and he was one of the most influential musicians in the nineteenth century. -
The most important Italian composer in the mid to late nineteenth century. He was primarily an opera composer, but composed a very popular Requiem, some choral music, and two string quartets. -
A Lieder composed by Schubert based on the legend of the Elf King. This Lieder has four characters that is sung by one singer. What is interesting about this is that the piano accompaniment represents galloping, the singer's higher range represents the terror in the boy's voice, the music represents various moods, and there is a rise in tension as the story progresses. -
A keyed brass instrument with a range similar to a trombone. It was invented in 1817, but then patented by Jean Hilaire Aste in 1821. -
A German virtuoso pianist, married to Robert Schumann, who also composed music such as Lieder and piano concerto. -
The founder of Opera buffe and introduced the can-can. He is known for his operettes: La belle Helene, Orphee aux enfers. -
The first German romantic opera composed by Carl Maria von Weber. -
A Bohemian composer best known for his programmatic cycle of six symphonic poems called Ma vlast (My Country). He is considered the founder of Czech music. -
An American song composer who was the first to make a living as a professional songwriter. -
An American Nationalist and a child prodigy on the piano. He is also one of the most significant nineteenth century American composer and was well known in Europe. -
A program symphony in five movements about a musician who poisons himself with opium and ends up in a deep sleep where he is having odd vision. As this is happening, his beloved one is haunting him as a melody and this is a recurrent theme known as the idee fixe. The beloved one is based on Harriet Smithson, a woman Berlioz was infatuated with.
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A German composer who is known as a classic-romantic. He continued the classical traditions, especially in form. Brahms was also one of the first editors of J.S. Bach's music. -
A French composer who created a new type of serious French opera. He blended styles into opera comique with Carmen (1875.) -
A Russian composer who composed several ballets that are still famous such as Swan Lake (1877). He would also compose symphonies and symphonic poems. -
A Czechoslovakian nationalist composer and is the most famous of the Czech composers. He was influenced by African-American and Native American music and culture. -
A nationalist composer from England. -
An Italian composer who wrote some of the last great operas written in the Italian tradition of bel canto. He was the most important Italian composer after Verdi. -
A nationalist composer from Spain. -
A nationalist composer from England, but also lived in France and the United States. -
A nationalist composer from Spain. -
A tone poem that uses tone painting to create the sound of the Moldau river. Smetana wrote a program for this piece as an explanation. -
A nationalist composer from Spain.