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Phonograph
The phonograph was invented by Thomas Edison on July 18, 1877. The phonograph was the first thing to be able to reproduce the recorded sound. How it worked was, that the vibration waveforms were recorded while the deviations of the groove engraved into the surface of the cylinder or disc that was rotating. The surface is rotated while it plays back and traces the groove, which creates vibration that records the sound. -
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The vibration of the diaphragm makes sound waves which were produced into the open air through a horn. The phonograph cylinder was made of a tinfoil sheet. -
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Gramophone
The gramophone was invented by Emile Berliner who created a successful system of sound recording. He was the first inventor who started recording on flat records or discs. It was a spiral groove with sound information that would be etched into a flat record. These records would also spin or rotate. The gramophones "arm" held the needle that would read the grooves on the record by the vibrations and would transmit the information to the speaker. -
Orthophonic recording and records
The Orthophonic was invented by Western Electric. Even though “Orthophonic” is the trade name, it was attached to the recording process, and the record player. This was designed to specifically play electrical recorded discs. The Orthophonic had increased volume and had very good reproduction of bass notes. Before this, was acoustic reproduction which now has changed to electrically recorded discs. This, set new standards to the reproduction of sound. -
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Now, you were able to get all frequencies, even the lowest ones on this new disc. Customers really liked this new disc. -
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78 rpm had less than 5 minutes per side. The 33 1/3 rpm had a way longer time that it could play for. -
33 1/3 rpm LP record by Colombia
In 1931 the first "long playing" record was introduced by Columbia. It had nicely spaced grooves and it would turn at 33 1/3. This record could play up to 20 or more minutes on each side of the disc. At first this was mostly for classical music because the record could play for a longer period of time. It also could be used for pop music recordings, that could be used on a single disc. There were even multiple songs for each disc. The 78 12 diameter rpm had less than 5 minutes per side, so the -
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each side of the disc. -
45 rpm vinyl record
The 45 rpm was invented by RCA Victor in February, 1949. The 45 rpm was inches in diameter. This 45 rpm was for recording a single pop song instead of other records that recorded full albums. Also, the center hole in the 45 rpm was larger than the ones in the 33 1/3 rpm LP and the 78 rpm. The 45 rpm was very popular in jukeboxes, because it took up less space than other records so you could fit more songs inside the box at one time. Although, this record could only play 5 minutes of music on -
Compact Cassette
The Compact Cassette was invented by Philips on August 30, 1963. It had a magnetic tape that was used for audio recording and playback. The Compact Cassette came in two forms. Either a tape already containing contents on it as an already pre-recorded cassette, or a fully recordable cassette with nothing yet recorded on it. The Compact Cassette consisted of two very small spools, which were between a magnetically coated tape that is plastic, that could be passed and wound. The spools and -
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the other parts are fixed inside a protective plastic shell. The Compact Cassette ranged from something to store data, to portable audio recordings. As time went on, the popularity for the Compact Cassette grew more and more as a result of the portable pocket recorders. -
8-Track Tape
The 8-Track was invented by Bill Lear of the Lear Jet Corporation in 1964. The 8-Track contained an endless loop with a standard of 1/4-inch magnetic tape, which was placed in a plastic cartridge. On the tape, were eight parallel soundtracks, equivalent to four stereo programs. It was announced in 1965 that Bill Lear had invented a cartridge with eight tracks. This was promised to lower the prices of recorded tapes so that you wouldn’t sacrifice any music. The 8-Track was correlated with in-car -
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listening and the automobile. The 8-Track was very popular from around 1965 to the late 1970s. -
CD Player
James T. Russel invented the CD Player in October, 1982. This was an electronical device that plays audio compact discs. The goal for making the CD player was to make a functional and compact CD player that was cheaper by 1/3 of its prior inventions. The pause and play feature allowed the user to pause somewhere on the track, and to then resume it at the same place that the user left off on, so that then you would hit the play button again. The stop feature allowed the user to stop the tracks, -
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be transformed to recreate the shapes of a sound wave. Headphones could be used to amplify the sounds and now you could hear the audio. -
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and to easily switch them. A lot like the full size CD player, the portable CD player would read the grooves and bumps by using a laser. It would use a photocell to determine whether there is a reflection of light given off the CD when the laser would hit. When a laser hit a groove on a CD, it wouldn't leave a reflection. When the laser hit a bump or any another surface, a light reflection would appear. The series of data that would be picked up from if there was a reflection, or not, would then -
Mp3 Player
The MP3 Player was invented on February 8, 1991. The technology was invented by Bernhard Grill, Thomas Sporer, Ernst Eberlein, Bernd Kurten, and Karl-Heinz Brandenburg. The German company Fraunhofer-Gesellshaft released a music technology license for it. MP3 stands for MPEG 1 Audio Layer 3. This MP3 player was meant to replace the CD player. The MP3player was invented so that it could make high quality music, but with higher compressions. The MP3 player was able to have way more songs then the -
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CD Player was able to have. Now a days, the MP3 player is able to let users’ playback their favorite songs and music. To hear the music you could use portable speakers or headphones. You are able to create music lists that are personalized, and be able to carry all of your songs on it wherever you go. -
Apple iPod
The Apple team that launched the First generation iPod on October 23, 2001, consisted of Jon Rubinstein, Jonathan Ive, Tony Fadell, Michael Dhuey, Tim Wasko, and Steve Jobs. This iPod served as an external device that stored data. The iPod first generation had a capacity of 5-10 GB, and it also had a battery life of up to 10 hours. The original iPod was very easy to navigate because it was controlled by a mechanical scroll wheel that had four additional buttons around the outside of the wheel. -
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There was also a center select button. The iPod is a portable media player that has multiple purpose small computers that are marketed and designed by Apple Inc. As the Apple Company grew, they have created many more products including the iPod Shuffle, iPod Nano, and the iPod Touch.
