The history of the accounting

  • Mesopotamia
    6000 BCE

    Mesopotamia

    There were elements necessary to consider the existence of accounting activities, on the one hand, writing, on the other hand numbers. The oldest accounting testimony is a clay tablet, originating in ancient Mesopotamia.(1)
  • Babylon
    5400 BCE

    Babylon

    The Red Temple in Babylon received deposits and offerings that were presented as interest. They are the first vestiges of banking organization.(2)
  • Some laws
    5000 BCE

    Some laws

    There were laws that required traders to keep certain books for the purpose of recording transactions. (3)
  • Pharaohs
    3623 BCE

    Pharaohs

    The pharaohs had scribes who, by superior orders, recorded the entries and expenses of the sovereign duly ordered. (4)
  • Hammurabi code
    1700 BCE

    Hammurabi code

    The famous Hammurabi code contained criminal laws, civil and commercial regulations. (5)
  • The first legislators
    594 BCE

    The first legislators

    King Solomon together with his court established 10 legistas to form the Court of Accounts. (6)
  • Macedonia
    356 BCE

    Macedonia

    In the empire of Alejandro Magno, its market of goods grew so much that it extended to Asia Minor.(7)
  • Rome
    85 BCE

    Rome

    The first tablets made during the Empire and the Republic by commoners were created. In Rome, the Romans kept an account consisting of two books, the "Adversary" and the "Codex". (8)
  • " Solidus "
    500

    " Solidus "

    The emperor Constantine decided to implement a new monetary system , that was called Solidus which was the main way to the international transactions, thus allowing the accounting registration (9)
  • The age of crusades
    1005

    The age of crusades

    In the century XI some news integrating elements are introduce, with the development of commercial techniques, was organized festivals, appear the trade manuals and is the start to be used new techniques of accounthisg, as check, endorsement, insurance, etc.(10)
  • Ansaldus Boilardus
    1157

    Ansaldus Boilardus

    He was a Genoese notary that make an commercial association based on income and earne (11)
  • Florentine school
    1211

    Florentine school

    An anonymous florentine businessman carryed his accounting books so rightly and peculiarly that giving the origin of the florentine school, where the method "Debit" and "Credit" go up next to each other (12)
  • Current account
    1263

    Current account

    In Spain, the king Alfonso imposed to the civil servants the duty of keep aunual accounts, from this period are known some books such as those of the house of Bonsignore, Siena (1290),in which the cash transactions of current accounts were recorded.(13)
  • Double entry
    1398

    Double entry

    At the beginning of the century XIV the double entry use three methods:
    1) "Memoriale"(Draft) in this method all transactions were recorded in chronological order
    2) "Giornale" (Journal) in this method the transactions were classify between income and earne
    3) Notebook" (older) in this method the transactions were recorded as debit from one and credits from another (14)
  • Benedetto Cotrugli Raugeo
    1485

    Benedetto Cotrugli Raugeo

    He wrote "Della Mercadetura et mercante perfetto" pioneer in the study of the double game. (15)
  • Friar Luca Pacioli
    1492

    Friar Luca Pacioli

    Friar Luca Pacioli was a Franciscan friar, he was the first in provide the manage double entry in europe, at same time public some text about the commercial use in that age, the new arithmetic and the new algebra. (16)
  • Summa
    1494

    Summa

    Friar Luca de Pacioli published his treatise "Summa de arithmetica geometria". (17)
  • "Tractus XI"
    1509

    "Tractus XI"

    It refers not only to the double-entry registration system based on the axiom: "There is no debtor without a creditor", but also to business practices concerning corporations, interest sales, bills of exchange, etc.(18)
  • Wine producers
    1557

    Wine producers

    They are beginning to use the "production costs" (nowadays materials and labor).(19)
  • New centers

    New centers

    Business centres emerge, with functions primarily aimed at monitoring and reviewing the accuracy of accounting information.(20)
  • Edmond Degrange

    Edmond Degrange

    He distinguished two classes of accounts, some debtors and creditors and others that represented the owner, which gave way to the daily major and replaced the daily major.(21)
  • Accounting works

    Accounting works

    There are accounting works and they contain references of accounting techniques.(22)
  • The first exam

    The first exam

    Napoleon ordered to those who practiced the accounting take an exam, then take it and check it out with a career professional (23)
  • Fabio Besta

    Fabio Besta

    He created the theory called "Positive Counting Theory" where he explains "The accounting is in the middle of complete information regarding money, accounts recived, fixed assets, interests, investment, etc (25)
  • Venetian school

    Venetian school

    This school was created by Fabio Besta, this school considered that every material quantity that can be expressed in monetary value is the object of an account (24)
  • Frederick Taylor

    Frederick Taylor

    He implemented a development in the management of the companies, 'changing the concept of its management, it was'n longer carried out directly by the owner, but this was delegated to different people, the owner was separated from the management of the company and surrendered to expert people who would be held accountable. (26)
  • American Association of Public Accountants (AAPA)

    American Association of Public Accountants (AAPA)

    The American Association of Public Accountants (AAPA) was founded in 1887, it's the national professional organization of certified public accountants (27)
  • Six rules

    Six rules

    In 1934 arose the first six rules of accounting principe
    1.Company in operation
    2.Accrual
    3.Uniformity
    4.Prudence
    5.No compensation
    6.Relative importance (28)
  • The start of IFRS

    The start of IFRS

    The IASC(Internacional Accounting Standards Commite) and the ISOCO (International Organization of Securities Commissions)signed anagreement to review the IAS to be used by publicly traded companies (29)