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6000 BCE
Mesopotamia
There were elements necessary to consider the existence of accounting activities, on the one hand, writing, on the other hand numbers. The oldest accounting testimony is a clay tablet, originating in ancient Mesopotamia.(1) -
5400 BCE
Babylon
The Red Temple in Babylon received deposits and offerings that were presented as interest. They are the first vestiges of banking organization.(2) -
5000 BCE
Some laws
There were laws that required traders to keep certain books for the purpose of recording transactions. (3) -
3623 BCE
Pharaohs
The pharaohs had scribes who, by superior orders, recorded the entries and expenses of the sovereign duly ordered. (4) -
1700 BCE
Hammurabi code
The famous Hammurabi code contained criminal laws, civil and commercial regulations. (5) -
594 BCE
The first legislators
King Solomon together with his court established 10 legistas to form the Court of Accounts. (6) -
356 BCE
Macedonia
In the empire of Alejandro Magno, its market of goods grew so much that it extended to Asia Minor.(7) -
85 BCE
Rome
The first tablets made during the Empire and the Republic by commoners were created. In Rome, the Romans kept an account consisting of two books, the "Adversary" and the "Codex". (8) -
500
" Solidus "
The emperor Constantine decided to implement a new monetary system , that was called Solidus which was the main way to the international transactions, thus allowing the accounting registration (9) -
1005
The age of crusades
In the century XI some news integrating elements are introduce, with the development of commercial techniques, was organized festivals, appear the trade manuals and is the start to be used new techniques of accounthisg, as check, endorsement, insurance, etc.(10) -
1157
Ansaldus Boilardus
He was a Genoese notary that make an commercial association based on income and earne (11) -
1211
Florentine school
An anonymous florentine businessman carryed his accounting books so rightly and peculiarly that giving the origin of the florentine school, where the method "Debit" and "Credit" go up next to each other (12) -
1263
Current account
In Spain, the king Alfonso imposed to the civil servants the duty of keep aunual accounts, from this period are known some books such as those of the house of Bonsignore, Siena (1290),in which the cash transactions of current accounts were recorded.(13) -
1398
Double entry
At the beginning of the century XIV the double entry use three methods:
1) "Memoriale"(Draft) in this method all transactions were recorded in chronological order
2) "Giornale" (Journal) in this method the transactions were classify between income and earne
3) Notebook" (older) in this method the transactions were recorded as debit from one and credits from another (14) -
1485
Benedetto Cotrugli Raugeo
He wrote "Della Mercadetura et mercante perfetto" pioneer in the study of the double game. (15) -
1492
Friar Luca Pacioli
Friar Luca Pacioli was a Franciscan friar, he was the first in provide the manage double entry in europe, at same time public some text about the commercial use in that age, the new arithmetic and the new algebra. (16) -
1494
Summa
Friar Luca de Pacioli published his treatise "Summa de arithmetica geometria". (17) -
1509
"Tractus XI"
It refers not only to the double-entry registration system based on the axiom: "There is no debtor without a creditor", but also to business practices concerning corporations, interest sales, bills of exchange, etc.(18) -
1557
Wine producers
They are beginning to use the "production costs" (nowadays materials and labor).(19) -
New centers
Business centres emerge, with functions primarily aimed at monitoring and reviewing the accuracy of accounting information.(20) -
Edmond Degrange
He distinguished two classes of accounts, some debtors and creditors and others that represented the owner, which gave way to the daily major and replaced the daily major.(21) -
Accounting works
There are accounting works and they contain references of accounting techniques.(22) -
The first exam
Napoleon ordered to those who practiced the accounting take an exam, then take it and check it out with a career professional (23) -
Fabio Besta
He created the theory called "Positive Counting Theory" where he explains "The accounting is in the middle of complete information regarding money, accounts recived, fixed assets, interests, investment, etc (25) -
Venetian school
This school was created by Fabio Besta, this school considered that every material quantity that can be expressed in monetary value is the object of an account (24) -
Frederick Taylor
He implemented a development in the management of the companies, 'changing the concept of its management, it was'n longer carried out directly by the owner, but this was delegated to different people, the owner was separated from the management of the company and surrendered to expert people who would be held accountable. (26) -
American Association of Public Accountants (AAPA)
The American Association of Public Accountants (AAPA) was founded in 1887, it's the national professional organization of certified public accountants (27) -
Six rules
In 1934 arose the first six rules of accounting principe
1.Company in operation
2.Accrual
3.Uniformity
4.Prudence
5.No compensation
6.Relative importance (28) -
The start of IFRS
The IASC(Internacional Accounting Standards Commite) and the ISOCO (International Organization of Securities Commissions)signed anagreement to review the IAS to be used by publicly traded companies (29)