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There were elements necessary to consider the existence of accounting activities, on the one hand, writing, on the other hand numbers. The oldest accounting testimony is a clay tablet, originating in ancient Mesopotamia.(1) -
The Red Temple in Babylon received deposits and offerings that were presented as interest. They are the first vestiges of banking organization.(2) -
There were laws that required traders to keep certain books for the purpose of recording transactions. (3) -
The pharaohs had scribes who, by superior orders, recorded the entries and expenses of the sovereign duly ordered. (4) -
The famous Hammurabi code contained criminal laws, civil and commercial regulations. (5) -
King Solomon together with his court established 10 legistas to form the Court of Accounts. (6) -
In the empire of Alejandro Magno, its market of goods grew so much that it extended to Asia Minor.(7) -
The first tablets made during the Empire and the Republic by commoners were created. In Rome, the Romans kept an account consisting of two books, the "Adversary" and the "Codex". (8) -
The emperor Constantine decided to implement a new monetary system , that was called Solidus which was the main way to the international transactions, thus allowing the accounting registration (9) -
In the century XI some news integrating elements are introduce, with the development of commercial techniques, was organized festivals, appear the trade manuals and is the start to be used new techniques of accounthisg, as check, endorsement, insurance, etc.(10) -
He was a Genoese notary that make an commercial association based on income and earne (11) -
An anonymous florentine businessman carryed his accounting books so rightly and peculiarly that giving the origin of the florentine school, where the method "Debit" and "Credit" go up next to each other (12) -
In Spain, the king Alfonso imposed to the civil servants the duty of keep aunual accounts, from this period are known some books such as those of the house of Bonsignore, Siena (1290),in which the cash transactions of current accounts were recorded.(13) -
At the beginning of the century XIV the double entry use three methods:
1) "Memoriale"(Draft) in this method all transactions were recorded in chronological order
2) "Giornale" (Journal) in this method the transactions were classify between income and earne
3) Notebook" (older) in this method the transactions were recorded as debit from one and credits from another (14) -
He wrote "Della Mercadetura et mercante perfetto" pioneer in the study of the double game. (15) -
Friar Luca Pacioli was a Franciscan friar, he was the first in provide the manage double entry in europe, at same time public some text about the commercial use in that age, the new arithmetic and the new algebra. (16) -
Friar Luca de Pacioli published his treatise "Summa de arithmetica geometria". (17) -
It refers not only to the double-entry registration system based on the axiom: "There is no debtor without a creditor", but also to business practices concerning corporations, interest sales, bills of exchange, etc.(18) -
They are beginning to use the "production costs" (nowadays materials and labor).(19) -
Business centres emerge, with functions primarily aimed at monitoring and reviewing the accuracy of accounting information.(20) -
He distinguished two classes of accounts, some debtors and creditors and others that represented the owner, which gave way to the daily major and replaced the daily major.(21) -
There are accounting works and they contain references of accounting techniques.(22) -
Napoleon ordered to those who practiced the accounting take an exam, then take it and check it out with a career professional (23) -
He created the theory called "Positive Counting Theory" where he explains "The accounting is in the middle of complete information regarding money, accounts recived, fixed assets, interests, investment, etc (25) -
This school was created by Fabio Besta, this school considered that every material quantity that can be expressed in monetary value is the object of an account (24) -
He implemented a development in the management of the companies, 'changing the concept of its management, it was'n longer carried out directly by the owner, but this was delegated to different people, the owner was separated from the management of the company and surrendered to expert people who would be held accountable. (26) -
The American Association of Public Accountants (AAPA) was founded in 1887, it's the national professional organization of certified public accountants (27) -
In 1934 arose the first six rules of accounting principe
1.Company in operation
2.Accrual
3.Uniformity
4.Prudence
5.No compensation
6.Relative importance (28) -
The IASC(Internacional Accounting Standards Commite) and the ISOCO (International Organization of Securities Commissions)signed anagreement to review the IAS to be used by publicly traded companies (29)