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Wrote a grammar of Sanskrit
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Wrote the first surviving grammar of an European language. Treated phonetics and morphology
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Described Greek sintax
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Continued studying the themes of interest to Greek linguistics. The primary interest was in morphology.
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Suggested a sense for sense translation instead word for word.
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Grammatical descriptions were written for several European languages. The Bible was translated into many different languages.
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Produced the first grammar book of Greek Western Europe.
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Argued that all languages should be appreciated in their own right.
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Took a Rationalist approach to language; believed in language universals as evidenced by a common thought structure in people throughout the civilized world.
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Believed that language and thought are inseparable.
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Wrote a paper to the Royal Asiatic Society in Calcutta about the historical connection between Sanskrit and Western European languages.
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Wrote the variety of human language structure, which was later hailed by Leonard Bloomfield as "the first great book on general linguistics"
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Devised Grimm´s law which states that, "if there is found between two languages agreement in the forms of indispensable words to such an extent that rules of letter changes can be discovered for passing from one to the other, then there is a basic relationship between these languages"
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Pioneer in historical/comparative linguistics. He worked out a methodology for historical/comparative linguistics.
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Worked further on classification of genetic relations among the Germanic languages.
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Indicated that contemporary languages had gone through a process in which simpler Ursprachen had given rise to descendent languages that obeyed natural laws of development.
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Developed Saussre´s ideas and the product was formalism.
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This method is based on the idea that second language must be an imitation of first language learning
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Saw language as intimately connected with the way of life and thought of its speakers.
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Developed the idea that languge is a system of arbitrary signs, and his conceptualization of the sign has been highly influential
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The key feature of the approach was that new language points were introduced and practised situationally
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Under this method students listen to or view recordings of language models
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In this method, the teacher is usually silent, leaving room for the students to talk and explore the language
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Introduced the idea of transformational generative grammar. This was an all-formal approach to syntax. This method uses phrase structure rules. These rules break down sentences into smaller parts. Chomsky aimed to "generate" all grammatical sentences of a given language.
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Chomsky wrote a book called "Aspects of The Theory of Syntax" and presented a deeper formulation of transformational generative grammar (TGG).
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Georgi Lozanov thought that the brain could process great quantities of material if given tha right conditions for learning. Music was central to this method
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Students respond to commands that require physical movement
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It's method that is based on English for communication and is extremely learner-focused
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This method emphasizes the idea of exposure and the lowering of affective or emotional barriers to learning
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Emphasized interaction as both the means and the ultimate goal of learning a language
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He states that the words and ideas are conneced to each other by binding
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States that being able to understand and produce lexical phrases as chunks
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Principles and parameters is a framework within generative linguistics in which the syntax of a natural language is described in accordance with general principles (i.e. abstract rules or grammars) and specific parameters (i.e. markers, switches) that for particular languages are either turned on or off.
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In minimalism, Chomsky attempts to approach universal grammar from below—that is, proposing the question "what would be the optimal answer to what the theory of i-Language should be?"
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It focuses on the use of authentic language and on asking student to do meaningful tasks using the target language
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It envolves teaching a curricular subject through the medium of a language other than that normally used