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The printing press was invented by Johann Gutenberg, a German goldsmith. This invention allowed for the mass production of books, making it possible for the general population to avail of a copy. Source: Retrieved from http://ezproxy.kotui.ac.nz/login?url=http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CV2643450235/SUIC?u=per_k12&xid=cd640e94 Image Source: https://www.biography.com/people/johannes-gutenberg-9323828
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James Pillans, a headmaster at a school in Scotland, connected several slates together to create a larger slate for teaching geography to his students. Source: (http://www.slate.com/articles/life/education/2014/10/a_history_of_the_blackboard_how_the_blackboard_became_an_effective_and_ubiquitous.html) Image source: https://www.etsy.com/market/slate_chalkboard
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Isaac Pitman offers shorthand instruction via correspondence using England's newly established penny post. Students worked independently on course material and interaction between faculty
and students was limited to one-way communications. Source: Matthews, Diane. "The Origins of Distance Education." T.H.E. Journal.Vol. 27, No. 2 Sept. 99. 56-66. Image Source: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Isaac-Pitman -
The museum housed and distributed supplementary photographs, slides, films, study prints, charts, and other instructional materials. Source:
Reiser, R.A. (2001). A History of Instructional Design and Technology: Part I: A History of Instructional Media. Educational Technology Research and Development , 49 (1), 53-64. Image source: https://www.sutori.com/item/1905-first-school-museum-opens-in-st-louis -
Keystone Publishing Company publishes Visual Education, a teacher's guide to lantern slides and stereographs. Source:
Reiser, R.A. (2001). A History of Instructional Design and Technology: Part I: A History of Instructional Media. Educational Technology Research and Development , 49 (1), 53-64. Image Source: https://openlibrary.org/publishers/Keystone_view_company_(incorporated)_Educational_dept. -
The first catalog of instructional films was published in the US. Portable movie projectors were first used in schools in Rochester, NY. Source:
Reiser, R.A. (2001). A History of Instructional Design and Technology: Part I: A History of Instructional Media. Educational Technology Research and Development , 49 (1), 53-64. Image source:
http://www3.hants.gov.uk/wfsa/wfsa-collections/educational-films.htm -
In 1913, he proclaimed the following: "Books will soon be obsolete in the schools…It is possible to teach every branch of human knowledge with the motion picture. Our school system will be completely changed in the next ten years." Source:
http://edison.rutgers.edu/connect.htm Image Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Edison -
This movement resulted in the establishment of professional organizations, journal publications, teacher training institutions, and the development of visual education bureaus at schools. Source:
Reiser, R.A. (2001). A History of Instructional Design and Technology: Part I: A History of Instructional Media. Educational Technology Research and Development , 49 (1), 53-64. -
The incorporation of sound through new technological innovations makes it possible to blend the use of audio with video, further increasing the possibilities of learning and teaching at a distance. Source:
Reiser, R.A. (2001). A History of Instructional Design and Technology: Part I: A History of Instructional Media. Educational Technology Research and Development , 49 (1), 53-64. -
During this time period, the US Air Force produced over 400 training films and 600 film strips. In 1941, the US government established the Division of Visual Aids for War Training. Instructional films were also produced to prepare employees for various industry. Source:
Reiser, R.A. (2001). A History of Instructional Design and Technology: Part I: A History of Instructional Media. Educational Technology Research and Development , 49 (1), 53-64. -
During this year, Edgar Dale developed the "Cone of Experience" to explain the relationships of the different types of visual and audio media and their roles in the learning process. Source:
Reiser, R.A. (2001). A History of Instructional Design and Technology: Part I: A History of Instructional Media. Educational Technology Research and Development , 49 (1), 53-64. Image Source:
http://nerizonhenry.blogspot.com/2009/12/lesson-5-cone-of-experience.html -
Researchers at IBM developed the first CAI author language and designed one of the first CAI programs to be used in public schools. Source:
Reiser, R.A. (2001). A History of Instructional Design and Technology: Part I: A History of Instructional Media. Educational Technology Research and Development , 49 (1), 53-64. -
The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) designates 242 channels for educational use. Source:
Reiser, R.A. (2001). A History of Instructional Design and Technology: Part I: A History of Instructional Media. Educational Technology Research and Development , 49 (1), 53-64. Image source:
http://www.mommyish.com/tag/educational-television/ -
Skinner published "The Science of Learning and the Art of Teaching". This fueled the programmed instruction movement. Source:
Reiser, R.A. (2001). A History of Instructional Design and Technology: Part I: A History of Instructional Media. Educational Technology Research and Development , 49 (1), 53-64. Image Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B._F._Skinner -
Bloom's Taxonomy was introduced under the leadership of educational psychologist Dr. Benjamin Bloom. The purpose was to promote higher forms of thinking in education instead of just role learning and/or memorizing. Source:
Reiser, R.A. (2001). A History of Instructional Design and Technology: Part I: A History of Instructional Media. Educational Technology Research and Development , 49 (1), 53-64. Image Source:
http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/hrd/bloom.html -
Roger Appeldorn created a machine that projected the image of writing on clear film. Source:
https://edtechmagazine.com/k12/article/2013/02/vision-learning-history-classroom-projectors Image Source:
https://edtechmagazine.com/k12/article/2013/02/vision-learning-history-classroom-projectors -
Robert Mager publishes a book by this title, which describes the process of writing learning objectives that outline conditions, criteria, and behavior. Source:
Reiser, R.A., & Dempsey, J.V. (Eds.) (2012). Trends and Issues in Instructional Design and Technology (3rd ed.). Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education. Image Source:
http://donaldclarkplanb.blogspot.com/2012/04/mager-mr-learning-objectives-in-this.html -
Robert Gagne introduces five learning domains and nine events of instruction. Source:
Reiser, R.A., & Dempsey, J.V. (Eds.) (2012). Trends and Issues in Instructional Design and Technology (3rd ed.). Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education. Image source:
https://coursearc.com/gagnes-nine-events-of-instruction/ -
The Department of Audiovisual Instruction changed its name to the Association for Educational Communications and Technology. Source:
Reiser, R.A. (2001). A History of Instructional Design and Technology: Part I: A History of Instructional Media. Educational Technology Research and Development , 49 (1), 53-64. Image source:
http://www.derrickdrodgers.com/competencies/synthesize-knowledge-5/ -
By the early 1970s, the terms educational technology and instructional technology began to replace audiovisual instruction. These terms began to be used to describe the application of media for instructional purposes. Source:
Reiser, R.A. (2001). A History of Instructional Design and Technology: Part I: A History of Instructional Media. Educational Technology Research and Development , 49 (1), 53-64. -
Introduced by Michael Sokolski, enabled teachers to efficiently grade student tests. Source:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Sokolski Image Source:
https://purposedriventeaching.net/2017/01/29/socrative-the-scantron-for-today/ -
IBM introduced its first personal computer. Time magazine named this computer its “Man of the Year” in 1982. Source:
http://online.purdue.edu/ldt/learning-design-technology/resources/evolution-technology-classroom Image Source:
http://content.time.com/time/covers/0,16641,19830103,00.html -
By the early 1980s, there was an increased interest in using computers for instruction. In January 1983, computers were being used for instructional purposes in more than 40% of all elementary schools and more than 75% of all secondary schools. Source:
http://online.purdue.edu/ldt/learning-design-technology/resources/evolution-technology-classroom Image source:
https://www.flickr.com/photos/bobcanada/2435584286 -
Apple's MAC becomes available. Source:
http://online.purdue.edu/ldt/learning-design-technology/resources/evolution-technology-classroom Image Source:
http://www.computerhistory.org/timeline/1984/ -
Toshiba released its first mass-market consumer laptop. Source:
http://online.purdue.edu/ldt/learning-design-technology/resources/evolution-technology-classroom Image source:
https://www.flickr.com/photos/47320195@N03/4481869084 -
Increased interest in constructivist theories and how they apply to teaching and learning. Source:
Reiser, R.A., & Dempsey, J.V. (Eds.) (2012). Trends and Issues in Instructional Design and Technology (3rd ed.). Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education. -
Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) were released by Apple Computer Inc. Source:
http://online.purdue.edu/ldt/learning-design-technology/resources/evolution-technology-classroom Image source:
http://oldcomputers.net/apple-newton.html
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