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In 1862 the Morrill Act, named for its sponsor Justin Smith Morrill, went into effect. This act let each state sell up to 30,000 acres of land to fund the creation of universities.
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Land Grant Universities are those created under the Morrill Act wherein it is a land grant which funds the schools creation. The first of these to open was Kansas State University in 1863.
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There are two land grant universities in Arkansas. The first was opened in 1872, being U of A in Fayetteville. The second opened a year later being U of A at Pine Bluff.
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Ellen S. Richards (1842-1911) broke barriers for women in education, paving the way for women in science. She was also instrumental in the creation of the FACS profession. Her early research and influence led her to helping create the profession. In 1876 she was the head of the science section of the Society to Encourage Studies at Home.
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Benjamin Thompson (1753-1814) invented the first range with heat controls. The rumford kitchen at the 1893 world's fair was named after him.
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W.O Atwater (1844-1907) is considered by some to be the father of nutrition. In 1896 he invented the calorimeter.
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In 1899 early FACS leaders met in Lake Placid N.Y. to discuss the creation of a new area of study. They decided to call this area of study Home Economics.
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Martha Rensselaer (1864-1932) attended the Lake Placid conference and in 1900 she helped create the Cooperative Extension Service programs at Cornell.
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The Smith-Lever Act of 1914 created the national Cooperative Extension Service. This extended outreach projects to rural americans through land grant universities.
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The Smith-Hughes Act of 1917 provided federal aid to states in order to promote vocational education in agricultural, industrial, and home economics courses.
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Clara Belle Drisdale Williams (1885-1994) was the first african american to graduate from New Mexico University in 1937. She became a teacher helping teach both students and their parents.
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The Vocational Education Acts of 1963 provided grants to maintain and improve vocational education.
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The Vocational Education Act was amended in 1968 and 1973. These amendments expanded on the 1963 act and supported students at risk and students with disabilities.
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The Vocational Act was amended again in 1976 with the purpose of ending gender bias and discrimination in vocational education.
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The Vocational Education Act of 1963 was changed to the Carl Perkins Act in 1984.
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