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Use of stone and wooden tools, such as axes and chisels, for hunting and construction.
Development of primitive agricultural techniques and animal domestication.
Construction of simple structures, such as huts and temporary shelters. -
Advanced construction techniques for pyramids, including the use of ramps.
Construction of hydraulic systems, such as canals and dams.
Development of writing and engineering records. -
Construction of notable architectural structures like the Colosseum and the Pantheon.
Development of military engineering with fortified castle construction and bridge building. -
Development of siege machines, such as catapults and trebuchets.
Construction of fortified castles with advanced defense systems. -
Contributions to engineering with designs of flying machines, bridges, and hydraulic systems.
Experimentation with scientific principles applied to engineering. -
Development of construction techniques with a greater emphasis on stability and aesthetic design.
Innovations in architecture and urban planning. -
Invention of the steam engine by James Watt.
Construction of railways and development of industrial machinery.
Advances in mass production and mechanical engineering. -
Invention of the electric light bulb by Thomas Edison.
Development of electrical transmission systems and power generation. -
Development of industrial chemical processes, such as chemical manufacturing and synthetic materials. -
First flight by the Wright brothers in 1903.
Development of commercial aviation and space exploration. -
Emergence of computing and development of programming languages.
Advances in operating systems and networks. -
Advances in medical devices, prosthetics, and medical imaging technologies.
Integration of engineering into personalized medicine. -
Development of DNA recombinant technology and genetic engineering.
Advances in gene therapy and organism modification. -
Focus on renewable energies and green technologies.
Development of waste management systems and water conservation. -
Development of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and augmented reality.
Advances in nanotechnology and molecular-level manufacturing.