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Jan 1, 1520
Pedro Ponce de Leon **
Ponce de Leon founded the first school for the deaf at the San Salvador Monastery in Madrid. He is known as the first teacher of the deaf, and he focused his teaching mainly on audible speech. -
Period: Jan 1, 1520 to
The History of Deaf Education
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First Ear Trumpet developed and used
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Jacob Rodrigues Pereira
He was the first person credited with teaching a non-verbal deaf person how to speak. He is also seen as one of the creators of the original manual language used by people with hearing loss. -
Abbe de l'Epee
Established the first school for the deaf in Paris. He modified the basic French sign language to a "methodical" sign language, with an expanded vacublary and structure. He also established teacher training programs for others who wanted to educate students with eharing impairments. -
Thomas Braidwood **
Founded the first school for the deaf in Great Britain. His teaching methods combined oral and manual methods, and he would develop what is though of as the basis of British Sign Language. -
Samuel Heinicke **
Opened the first deaf institution in Leipzig, Germany. He believed that spokend langauge was required in order to be successful in education, and therefore implemented an oral/aural method of teaching. -
Abbe Sicard
He was the principal at the school for the deaf in Bordeauz, and then succeed Abbe de l'Eppe at the Paris school. -
Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet
After visiting the school for the deaf in Paris, he adapted similar ideals, and founded the first residential school for the deaf in the United States. The American School for the Deaf in Connecticut was also staffed by Laurent Clerc-a former student of the Paris school for the deaf. One of the first students at the school was Alice Cogswell, who had inspired Gallaudet to found the ASD. -
NY Institution for Instruction of the Deaf and Dumb
School was founded as the first day school for students with hearing loss. Students were able to attend the school for 10 days at a time. -
VSDB
Virginia School for the Deaf and Blind was founded by the state of VA in Staunton, VA. In 1909, the second branch of the school was founded in Hampton. The two schools were consolidated in 2008. -
Wearable ear trumpet developed to use over the ear
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Amos Kendall
Supplied the land and partial funds for the founding of the Columbia Institution for the Instruction of the Deaf and Dumb and the Blind. There is now a Kendall Demonstration Elementary School on the campus of Gallaudet University. -
Edward Miner Gallaudet
After serving as the Superintendant at the Columbia Institution, he was promoted to the president of the collegiate department at the school. This department would become Gallaudet University, which is the only liberal arts college for the deaf and hard of hearing in the world. While he recognized the validity of speech training for some students, he advocated for the use of sign language. -
Gardiner Hubbard **
His daughter Mabel became deaf from Scarlett Feaver. After she was educated by the methods of A.G.Bell, Hubbard decided to found the Clarke School in Massachusetts, which was the first oral school for the deaf in the United States. -
Alexander Graham Bell **
A teacher of the Visible Speech System, in order to promote the oral method of communication for students with hearing loss. He established a school where deaf and hearing students could be educated together, in order to try to mainstream the deaf students. He opposed residential schools, and the use of sign langauge, because he felt that deaf students should be able to integrate with the general public. -
National Association of the Deaf
The NAD was founded to advocate for deaf rights. National conventions are held, and resolutions are created and passed. -
Conference of Milan **
Proclaimed that the oral method was the best option for educating deaf and hard of hearing students, and banned the use of the manual language in European schools. -
Akoulathon
Created the first electronic heraing aid -
Hellen Keller
Hellen Keller graduates from Radcliffe College, making her the first deaf-blind person to earn a Bacherlor of Arts degree. -
William Stokoe
A professor at Gallaudet-proved that ASL is a genuine language with its own syntax and grammar. -
Public Law 87-276
Provided funds to prepare professionals to train teachers to work with students who are deaf or hard of hearing. -
Babbidge Report
A Congressional decision that said educating deaf students through oralism was a failure, and overturned the decision made at the Milan Conference. -
Orin Cornett
Developed Cude Speech-a phonemic system that uses hand shapes and placements, along with speech reading to show English visually. He was hoping the system would improve reading comprehension skills of his students at Gallaudet. -
NTID
National Technical Institute for the Deaf was founded as one of the 8 colleges at RIT. It is the first, and largest, technical college for students who are deaf or hard of hearing. -
SEE 1
David Anthony created Seeing Essential English. It used some gestures from ASL, but uses English grammar and syntax. Unlike ASL, it included grammatical markers and articles. -
SEE 2
Gerilee Gustason and others created Signing Exact English. This was a spin off of SEE1, but compound words were not broken down, and ASL signs were used. -
The French Chef
The first nationally broadcast opn-captioned program aired on PBS. -
Cochlear Implant
The first singl channel implant was introduced-over 1,000 children were implanted with this device. -
PL-94-142
The Education for All Handicapped Children Act: All public schools had to provide education for children with disabilities. Schools are required to evaluate and create an educational plan. -
Rowley vs. Board of Education
The school district removed funding for a sign langauge interpreter for Amy Rowley, becuase she was achieving academically without one. Her parents argued that she was not recieving a FAPE and could be MORE successful if she had an interpreter in all her classes, -
Cochlear Implant
The cochlear implant was approved by the FDA for implantation in adults. Children over the age of 2 may also be implanted. -
Marlee Matlin
Marlee Matlin became the youngest and only deaf recipient of an Academy Award for her role in "Children of a Lesser God". -
Digital Hearing Aid
The first digital hearing aid is available for sale. -
Deaf President Now I
Students at Gallaudet protested the hiring of a Elisabeth Zinser, a hearing person, as the President of the University to stand as a role model and advocate for the deaf students and other deaf schools. The protest ended when the University conceeded, and hired I. King Jordan as the new president. -
Signed English
Harry Bornstein created this method using ASL signs in English word order. He also did away with some of the grammatical markers. -
Deaf Way
Gallaudet University hosts Deaf Way, bringing together other 5,000 deaf people from all around the world. This event boosts deaf pride, and also awareness of different cultures. -
IDEA
The Individuals With Disabilities Act provides equal access to education for students with disabilities, guaranteeing them a Free, Appropriate Public Education, complete with services and safeguards. -
Americans with Disabilities Act
The ADA protects the civil rights of Americans with disabilites and prevents discrimination in the areas of employment, public entities, public accommodations, and telecommunications. -
Universal Newborn Hearing Screening
The National Institutes of Health's (NIH) Consensus Development Conference on Early Identification of Hearing Loss was held and concluded that all newborns be screened for hearing impairment before being discharged from the hospital. -
Heather Whitestone
First deaf Miss America titleholder. -
Virginia Hearing Impairment Identification and Monitoring System
Virginia adapts a law requiring all infants recieve a hearing screening. -
No Child Left Behind
NCLB is a standard's based education plan instituted by the national government. THe main idea is to set measurable goals and high standards in order to achieve higher performance. This is a challenge for students with hearing loss, because of some of the educational difficulties they face. -
IDEA 2004
This addendum updated the original IDEA. It made changes to the IEP process, due process rights, and discipline provisions. It also encourages an RTI method-providing early interventions for children who are struggling in order to be able to earlier identify who may need special services. -
Deaf President Now II
Jane Fernandes was promoted to president of Gallaudet, and although she is deaf, she uses both oral methods and ASL to communicate. Many of the students found her to be unapproachable and mean, and did not think she was doing enough to support deaf culture and community. A few months later, the University decided to recind her contract, and was replaced by Robert Davila.
