Call

THE HISTORY OF CALL BY GROUP 4

By Fadya, Nanda and Amel
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    Birth of CALL

    1950 was the beginning of Computer-assisted learning application development in education sector. At the start, Computer-assisted learning tended to be used in other sectors than education, e.g. science, social studies, etc.
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    BEHAVIOURISTIC PHASE

    CALL was conceived in the 1950s and implemented in the 1960s and '70s, was based on the then-dominant behaviorist theories of learning. Programs of this phase entailed repetitive language drills and can be referred to as "drill and practice".One of the most sophisticated of these was the PLATO system, which ran on its own special PLATO hardware. The PLATO system included vocabulary drills, brief grammar explanations and drills, and translations tests at various intervals.
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    COMMUNICATIVE PHASE

    The second phase of CALL was based on the communicative approach to teaching which became prominent in the 1970s and 80s. Proponents of this approach felt that the drill and practice programs of the previous decade did not allow enough authentic communication to be of much value. Several types of CALL programs were developed and used during this phase. First, the computer as tutor model. The second is a computer as the stimulus. The third is computers as tools.
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    INTEGRATIVE PHASE

    Moving from the cognitive view of communicative language learning, educators integrated different language skills, they tried to find a more integrated manner of teaching instead of a structure-based one, therefore, task-based approaches tried to integrate learners into more authentic environments. In the 1991s, multimedia computers and the World Wide Web (WWW) were the base of the integrative CALL.

  • First ECHT Conference in Paris

    First ECHT Conference in Paris
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    STEPS TOWARD INTEGRATIVE CALL : THE INTERNET

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    THE LATEST INTEGRATIVE CALL

  • CERN released world wide web (www)

    CERN released world wide web (www)

  • EUROCALL conference in HULL (Official formation of the association)

    EUROCALL conference in HULL (Official formation of the association)

  • Pentium (P54C: 130 MHz) introduced

    Pentium (P54C: 130 MHz) introduced

  • First WWW International conference at CERN

    First WWW International conference at CERN

  • Introduction of Windows '95

    Introduction of Windows '95

  • Pennington publishes "The power of CALL”

    Pennington publishes "The power of CALL”

  • First issue of the on-line journal ALSIC in France (Chanier, ed.), Release of OSCAR by Language Publications Interactive

    First issue of the on-line journal ALSIC in France (Chanier, ed.), Release of OSCAR by Language Publications Interactive

  • The ICT4LT starts. This stands for ICT for Language Teachers

    The ICT4LT starts. This stands for ICT for Language Teachers

  • The Year of Speech Technology, the year of maturity

    The Year of Speech Technology, the year of maturity

  • Recall published by Cambridge University Press

    Recall published by Cambridge University Press