Hitler proclaims himself Führer und Reichskanzler (Leader and Reich Chancellor). Armed forces must now swear allegiance to him
"Nuremberg Laws": anti-Jewish racial laws enacted; Jews no longer considered German citizens; Jews could not marry Aryans; nor could they fly the German flag
Germans march into the Rhineland, previously demilitarized by the Versailles Treaty
Buchenwald concentration camp opens
Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass): anti-Jewish pogrom in Germany, Austria, and the Sudetenland; 200 synagogues destroyed; 7,500 Jewish shops looted; 30,000 male Jews sent to concentration camps (Dachau, Buchenwald, Sachsenhausen)
Jews in German-occupied Poland forced to wear an arm band or yellow star
Concentration camp established at Auschwitz
Chelmno (Kulmhof) extermination camp begins operations: 340,000 Jews, 20,000 Poles and Czechs murdered by April 1943
Extermination by gas begins in Sobibor killing center; by October 1943, 250,000 Jews murdered
Liquidation of the Warsaw Ghetto. On May 16, 1943, SS and Police Chief Jurgen Stroop proclaimed, "180 Jews, bandits, and subhumans were destroyed. The Jewish quarter of Warsaw is no more."
Beginning of death march of approximately 40,000 Jews from Budapest to Austria
