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Vanderbilt merges railroad trunk lines from New York City, Buffalo, and Chicago to his Central. Example of vertical integration.
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Repulbican Ulysses S Grant becomes president of the United States.
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Railroad connected the U.S Pacific Coast to the U.S Atlantic Coast.
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John D Rockefeller establishes this corporation in Ohio with a trust board to help the business. It teamed up with Carnegie/ US Steel and other big businesses to stay in power. Rockefeller used both horizontal and vertical integration.
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Was founded by Uriah S. Stephens as a secret organization with the help of a group of Philadelphia garment workers. Was soon taken over by Terence V. Powderly. The KOL welcomed all workers regardless of trade, race, sex, or creed. Fought for an 8 hour work day and the abolition of child labor and more workers rights in general.
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American population was around 40 million.
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Alexander Graham Bell patents his invention of the telephone.
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Workers from different railroad companies went on strike because their wages were cut. They stopped railroad traffic for a week and had to be put down by federal troops. (Under President Hayes).
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Thomas Edsion perfects the lightbulb and has it mass produced. This begins the decline of Rockefeller's oil company.
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Served as President until Sepember 19, 1881 when he was assassinated.
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After president Garfield was assassinated, Arthur succeeds him and served until March 4, 1885
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This act prevented Chinese from immigrating to the US. It didn't affect Chinese laborers who were already in the US.
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Served as the 22nd President of the United States. Served two non- consecutive terms. Served as the 24th President from 1893- 1897.
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Founded by Samuel Gompers and organized only skilled workers. Used methods such as striking and boycotting to make their points. Wanted better working wages. Opposed women joining their organization.
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A bomb was thrown during a protest againts alleged police brutality in Haymarket Square, Chicago. Although no one knows who threw the bomb, the Knights of Labor were blamed for the death of dozens of people. The Knights lost a lot of support.
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Served as the 23 president until March 4, 1893
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Andrew Carnegie officially established his company (in Pittsburg) after he absorbed enough steel mills. He did this through vertical integration. Carnegie was able o perfect the process of steel making through the Bessemer Process.
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Steelworkers in Pittsburg strike against Carnegie Steel. 10 workers were killed in the rio.
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Time period where many railroad companies were becoming bankrupt due to rate wars. Many went out of business and left people unemployed. Much help was needed by JP Morgan to fix problems.
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JP Morgan took over many railroad companies and established new rates, stock, and rebates. This lowered competion and crushed debts. Another example of vertical/ horizontal integration.
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Served as president until September 14, 1901 when he was assassinated.
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At this time, New York City became the center for business and commerce. The population also rose to about 3.4 million people.
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The population in America rose to 76 million, mainly due to immigration.
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JP Morgan bought out Carnegie's Steel Company. It became US Steel
