The Geologic Colmn

  • Recent (Holocene) Epoch
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    Recent (Holocene) Epoch

    end of the last Ice Age; rise of human civilization
  • Pleistocene Epoch

    Pleistocene Epoch

    Ice Age; mass extinctions; rise of man
  • Pliocene Epoch

    Pliocene Epoch

    peak of mammals
  • Miocene Epoch

    Miocene Epoch

    rise of grazing mammas
  • Permian

    Permian

    modern insects; reptiles spread; evergreens; extinction of trilobites
  • Pennsylvanian

    Pennsylvanian

    giant insects; first reptiles
  • Oligocene Epoch

    Oligocene Epoch

    primitives apes; whales; first modern mammals
  • Mississippian

    Mississippian

    amphibians spread; sharks and bony fish; winged insects
  • Archean

    Archean

    earth became habitable
  • Hadean

    Hadean

    formation of earth
  • Devonian

    Devonian

    first amphibians; fresh water fish; wingless insects
  • Silurian

    Silurian

    land colonized by arthropods and plants
  • Ordovician

    Ordovician

    trilobites abundant; vertebrates increase
  • Cambrian

    Cambrian

    sudden explosion of life
  • Eocene Epoch

    Eocene Epoch

    First horses
  • Paleocene Epoch

    Paleocene Epoch

    Early mammals became dominant; rise of modern birds
  • Cretaceous

    Cretaceous

    mass extinctions; flowering plants appear
  • Jurassic

    Jurassic

    giant dinosaurs; early birds; first mammals
  • Proterozoic

    Proterozoic

    simple multicellular sea creatures develop
  • Triassic

    Triassic

    first dinosaurs; rise of mammal-like reptiles