-
British mathematician Alan Turing publishes a seminal paper introducing the "Turing Test" to evaluate machine intelligence, laying the conceptual foundation for AI by questioning if machines can think. -
Marvin Minsky and Dean Edmonds build SNARC, the world's first artificial neural network using 3,000 vacuum tubes to simulate 40 neurons, pioneering neural network concepts central to modern deep learning. -
John McCarthy, Marvin Minsky, Nathaniel Rochester, and Claude Shannon submit a proposal defining "artificial intelligence" as making machines behave intelligently, setting the stage for formal AI research. -
The Dartmouth Summer Research Project, organized by John McCarthy, marks the official founding of AI; attendees like Newell and Simon debut the Logic Theorist program, proving mathematical theorems. -
Arthur Samuel develops a checkers-playing program that improves through self-play, coining "machine learning" and demonstrating computers can learn from experience without explicit programming. -
Joseph Weizenbaum creates ELIZA, an early natural language processing program simulating a psychotherapist, highlighting AI's potential in human-computer conversation despite its simplicity. -
James Lighthill's critical report leads to slashed funding for AI research in the UK and US due to unmet expectations, ushering in the "AI Winter" of reduced progress and investment. -
Deep Blue becomes the first computer to beat a world chess champion in a full match, showcasing AI's prowess in strategic computation and sparking debates on machine vs. human intelligence. -
Watson defeats human champions on the quiz show Jeopardy!, advancing natural language understanding and question-answering systems that influence modern AI assistants like Siri. -
Alex Krizhevsky's AlexNet wins the ImageNet competition, dramatically improving image recognition via convolutional neural networks and igniting the deep learning boom with GPU acceleration.
You are not authorized to access this page.