-
The Estates General met in Versailles to discuss France’s serious financial crisis. It was the first meeting since 1614. The Third Estate wanted fair representation and more rights for the people. -
Members of the Third Estate took an oath in a tennis court, promising not to separate until they wrote a new constitution for France. This showed their unity and courage. -
The National Constituent Assembly was formed in France during the French Revolution. It started when the Third Estate (common people) wanted more rights and equality. They decided to write a new constitution for France. The Assembly ended the power of the king and the nobles. It created the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, which said that all men are free and equal. In 1791, the Assembly finished the first French Constitution, starting a new government.
-
People in Paris attacked the Bastille prison to get weapons and free prisoners. It became a symbol of liberty and the beginning of the French Revolution. -
The National Assembly ended the special privileges of nobles and the Church. It was an important step toward equality and justice. -
This declaration said that all men are born free and equal in rights. It defended liberty, property, and freedom of speech. -
King Louis XVI and his family tried to escape from France, but they were caught in Varennes. The people lost trust in the king, and his power weakened. -
The Legislative Assembly was the new government after the National Constituent Assembly. It started when the first French Constitution was finished. Members made new laws and tried to protect the Revolution. However, France had many problems. The king tried to escape, and other countries prepared to attack France. People lost trust in the king. In 1792, the Assembly ended, and the monarchy was abolished.
-
The Legislative Assembly declared war on Austria because they feared that European monarchs would try to stop the Revolution. The war made the situation in France even worse. -
Revolutionaries attacked the king’s palace in Paris. The royal family was imprisoned, and the monarchy was officially ended. -
The National Convention replaced the Legislative Assembly. It declared France a republic and ended the monarchy. King Louis XVI was judged and executed in 1793. The Convention faced wars and internal rebellion. It created new laws and used the Reign of Terror to stop enemies of the Revolution. Later, the violence ended, and a new government called the Directory took power in 1795.
-
King Louis XVI was found guilty of treason and executed by guillotine. France became a republic without a king. -
Robespierre, the main leader during the Reign of Terror, was executed. His death marked the end of the most violent phase of the Revolution. -
The Directory was the government that came after the National Convention. It was made to bring order after the Reign of Terror. Five directors shared power. The government faced many problems, like corruption, wars, and economic troubles. Many people were unhappy, and the army became very powerful.
-
Napoleon’s army won one of its greatest victories against Austria and Russia. This battle showed his power in Europe. -
The Empire began when Napoleon Bonaparte became Emperor of France. He made France very powerful and won many battles across Europe. Napoleon created new laws called the Napoleonic Code and improved education and the economy. But later, other countries united against him, and France lost many wars. Napoleon was forced to leave power.
-
The British navy, led by Admiral Nelson, defeated Napoleon’s fleet. This stopped Napoleon’s plans to invade Great Britain. -
The Consulate was the government that replaced the Directory. It began after Napoleon Bonaparte took power. There were three consuls, but Napoleon was the most powerful. He made many changes to improve France, like new laws, schools, and a strong government. The Consulate prepared the way for the French Empire.
-
Napoleon was finally defeated by the British and Prussian armies. After this, he was sent into exile to Saint Helena, and the French Empire came to an end. -
Also called the Battle of Nations, it was one of the biggest battles in Europe. Napoleon was defeated and forced to retreat to France.