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Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Article 19 - everyone has the rights includes free to express their thoughts, ideas and opinions that affects them.
Article 25(2) - Every child should be enjoy the social protection. -
Ladder of Citizenship Participation
Sherry Arnstein published a 'Ladder of Citizenship Participation' that demonstrate eight different levels of participation. The Aim of these eight rungs in 'Ladder' are directly relate to the degree which reflects the citizens decisions making power. -
Children Act 1989
One of the Main principle of Children Act 1989 is to provide all legal requirement and information to the children about what happens to them, to make their wishes and feeling to participate in decisions makeing that affect them. -
United Nation Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989
Article 12 - Every child have the right to have their opinion, rights to participate in decision making.
Article 13 - Children have right to freedom of expression what they think, sharing information and what to say and be listen by adults when they make decision that affects them. -
Roger Hart 'Ladder of Participation'
Hart's Ladder of particpation: Tokenism to citizenship
-Roger Hart model of particpateion presenting eight levels of participation within, children, young people and families.
-thses eight levels shows the increament level in active participation of young children in different activities from being manipulated to involved in a tokensim way that help them to foucs and improve in themself. -
UN Committee on the rights of the Child
UN Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC) in 1995, conclude observation within the UK. Particular attention in Article (3) that considering the best interest of the chid in decision making, participation rights that may affect them. -
Harry Shier :Pathway to Participation
Harry Shier (2001) presented 'Pathway of Participation' which descibes the 5 levels of participation with 3 different stages such as oppening, opportunities and obligations that applied in all situations where adults work with children. The aim of 'pathway of participation' is to help adults to identify and enhance the level of children and young people's participation in term of 5 levels of participation. -
Citizenship Curriculum
Citizenship Curriculum was introduced in 2002 that emphasis on students voice for the purpose of active learning for Citizenship. It was supporting 'students learning' by 'Advisory Group on Education for citizenship and teaching of democracy in schools for the development of pupils socilas and moral responsibility, community involvement and political literacy. -
Education Act 2002
Education Act 2002 under section 176 encouraged students to participate in schools, best practise on pupils involvement and consulted students when they taking decision in their life. -
David Blunkett(2003) 'Government theme'
David Blunkett (2003) identifies that the government theme as a shared beliefs in the power of education to enrich the minds of citizens, and commitment to develop the mutually supportive relationship amongest the member of democratic community and determination to strengthen citizens for role in to shaping the public realm (Home office, 2003, p.3) -
Pupils voice is here to stay Jean Rudduck (2003)
Jean Rudduck and flutter (2003) states that pupils voice should be here to stay as this is the right of all students. Because it is the cumsultation about talking with pupils about things that matter in school. It may involve; conversations about teaching and learning, seeking advice from pupils about new initiatives, inviting comments and ways of solving problems that affects the teachers right to teach and pupils right to learn. -
Every Child Matters (ECM)
Every child Matters agenda published in September 2003 for children's rights that promote five outcomes in school for children to be healthy, stay safe, enjoy and achieve, make a positive contributuion and achieve economic well being. -
Medge and Willmott (2004) & Sinclair (2004)
Medge, Willmott and Sinclair(2004) states that hierarchical nature of pathway of participation pushes teachers and schools to move relenlessly from the lower level to the higher. -
David Hargreaves (2004) -Student Voice
David Hargreaves (2004) states that, 'Students Voice' includes every way in which students are allowed or encouraged to offer their views or prefrences. In this sense, all teachers from time to time encourage and involved with students voice. -
Children Act 2004
Section 1 to 9 legislation for the establishment of a new Commissioner with a duty to raise awareness of best interest of children and young people. -
Harr Shier- Pathways of Participation Revisted
Harry Shier revisited with her 'model of participation' that indicate the importance of student paticipation and student voice. -
Bragg (2007, p15)
There are so many arguments of children's rights that reflects children and young people in different matter that affects them. According to Bragg 2007, p15), 'children should be recognised as the competent agents who are participants in and procedures of and rather than passive recipents of, social and cultural change.
