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The Reconquista was an ongoing struggle to win back land by Spain in Muslim-occupied territories.
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The Treaty of Verdun divided the Frankish Empire into three separate sections. The land was divided between Louis I's (Charlemagne's son) sons Lothair I, Louis II, and Charles II. -
The Capetian Dynasty, founded by Hugh Capet, was an important European Dynasty. The Capetian Dynasty was crucial in the development of modern France. -
The Norman Conquest was an invasion of England by various troops, mainly the Normans. Willaim the Conqueror would later achieve victory and become the first Norman King of England. -
The Investiture controversy was a period in which the Church and State fought over the ability to appoint Bishops and Abbots through investiture.
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The Hohenstaufen Dynasty was an influential noble family. Members of the Hohenstaufen family attempted to bring more stability to Europe, eventually playing crucial roles in the Holy Roman Empire. -
The Magna Carta was an English charter that King John agreed to. It included various guarantees of freedoms for English citizens, including the idea that the King wasn't exempt from the same laws and restrictions as everyone else. -
The Hundred Years' War was a war fought between England and France. In the end, after several intense battles, France won the war.
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The Battle of Sluys was the first battle of the Hundred Years' War. English managed to successfully defend itself during this battle, and thus emerged victorious. -
The Battle of Poitiers during the Hundred Years' War was devastating to France. Their King, King John II, was captured during this battle, weakening French morale. -
Joan of Arc became an incredibly important symbol in France. Her victory in the Siege of Orleans boosted morale within French troops.
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The Siege of Orleans became a turning point in the Hundred Years' War. Joan of Arc led France into victory in the Siege of Orleans, greatly boosting national hope and support in France.
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The Siege of Compiegne saw the capture of Joan of Arc, who'd become an incredible national figure for France. -
The marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella was an incredibly important moment in Spain's history. It united the Kingdoms of Aragon and Castille. -
In 1492, two incredibly important events happened in Spain. First, the Reconquista ended with the final capturing of Granada. Later, Christopher Columbus, sponsored by Ferdinand and Isabella, sailed to the New World.