-
-
The world's first man-made satellite.
-
The ultimatum gave US troops 6 months to withdraw from Berlin.
-
Fidel Castro wanted Cuba to have greater independence from the United States.
-
No solution was agreed, but it laid groundwork for a face to face meeting between Eisenhower and Khrushchev.
-
The act banned foreign ownership of land. Many countries owned land in Cuba and accepted payment from the Cuban government for their land, but the USA did not. After Eisenhower refuses to accept Castro's government, the US did not accept that it had the right to pass laws.
-
The two leaders spoke frankly; a solution was not agreed but a further summit was agreed upon and Khrushchev withdrew his ultimatum.
-
-
-
American-owned oil refineries refuse to take it so Castro nationalises the oil refineries.
-
It was a disaster. Before the conference, the USSR shot down an American spy plane and captured its pilot Gary Powers. Khrushchev walked out of the conference in protest when Eisenhower refused to apologise.
-
-
-
The strike missed most of its targets, the planes were photographed and US involvement was made public. A second airstrike was cancelled.
-
A Cuban-exile army of 1,400 invade Cuba with US backing.
-
Khrushchev saw Kennedy's inexperience as a weakness to be exploited and reissued the ultimatum as he thought that Kennedy would back down. However, Kennedy refused to back down and so a stalemate was reached.
-
-
An 18 hour stand-off between US and Soviet tanks at Checkpoint Charlie.
-
The largest nuclear bomb ever tested. It was eight metres long and weighed 27 tons.
-
-
-
The height of the Cuban missile crisis where nuclear war was a real possibility.
-
Enforced by Kennedy to prevent further nuclear missiles reaching Cuba.
-
He calls on Khrushchev to withdraw his ships.
-
-
At 10:32am the closest ships stop or turn round. Khrushchev issues a statement that the USSR is prepared to launch nuclear weapons if the USA goes to war.
-
Kennedy writes to Khrushchev asking him to withdraw missiles from Cuba.
-
He will withdraw Soviet missiles if the USA guarantee they will not invade Cuba
-
He received intelligence that the US would invade Cuba in 24 hours. He states that the USSR will withdraw missiles from Cuba if the USA agree never to invade Cuba and withdraw their nuclear missiles from Turkey
-
The Hawks demand retaliation.
-
But demand that the withdrawal of US nuclear missiles from Turkey is kept secret.
-
-
A direct communications link between the American President in Washington and the Soviet Premier in Moscow.
-
-
Ban on the testing of all nuclear weapons in space, in the sea and above ground (underground tests were still permitted).
-
-
Charles de Gaulle (the French president) was appalled at the idea of France being involved in nuclear war between the USA and the USSR. France begins to develop its own nuclear weapons.
-
The USSR had the right to invade any country in Eastern Europe whose actions appeared to threaten the security of the whole Eastern Bloc.
-
Replaces Antonin Novotny
-
Liberal changes brought about by Dubcek. 'Socialism with a man face'.
-
500,000 troops. Dubcek ordered people not to respond violently.
-
The Moscow Protocol committed the Czech government to 'protect socialism' by reintroducing censorship and removing political opposition.