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Francois Couperin
French composer, began writing in the new Rococo Style -
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Jean-Philippe Rameau
A French Composer and Theorist who tried to establish a rational foundation for harmonic practice. Wrote the "Treatise on Harmony" in 1722, beginning of modern music theory. -
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Pietro Metastasio
A court poetic in Vienna, was a primary librettist for opera seria in the late Baroque and Classical periods. Most famous as a librettist as he set the standard for the operatic style in 1750. -
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Frederick the Great
The King of Prussia from 1740 to 1786 with many achievements such as the reorganization of Prussian arts, military victories and even a gifted musician. -
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Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach
The son of J.S. Bach, and was the primary composer of the Empfindsamkeit style of composing. Worked for Frederick the Great who reigned over Prussia. -
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Christoph Willibald Gluck
Mainly wrote dramatic operas and brought back the reform of opera in Italy -
Prussia Dissolved
Prussia was once the leading state in the German Empire, containing Germany, Poland, Russia, Lithuania and many more contrives and then it was dissolved in November of 1918 -
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Charles Burney
Organist, amature composer, write and music scholar -
Classical Period
Developed in 1730s in Italy beginning with Opera. Singable melodies, symmetrical phrasing, easier harmonies and slower harmonic rhythms -
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The Rococo Style
Rococo- derives from the French word, "Rocaille" which means scroll. Features very ornate style and flourishes. -
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Franz Joseph Haydn (1732-1809)
Primary mover within the new classical style with instrumental music. -
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J.C. Bach
Bach's style used beautiful melodies and bits of chromaticism. Wrote Italian operas, church music and even orchestral works. -
Invention of the Symphony
In the 1740s a composer named Giovanni Battista Sammartini invented the symphony in Milan, Italy. -
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Giovanni Paisiello
A great Italian Composer who wrote 94 Operas -
Chamber Music
String Quartet: one of the most important chamber genres introduced in the 1750s -
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Antonio Salieri
A very successful court composer in Vienna. He was very popular and very talented. Composed many operas in Italian, German and French -
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Maria Anna Mozart (Nannerl)
Mozart's older sister, often described as equal in talent and skill. She toured with Mozart in his childhood. -
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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
A child prodigy, both him and his sister were taken on tours of Europe by their father Leopold Mozart. A keyboard virtuoso, as well as a good violinist and dancer. Performed for many higher ups, for aristocratic homes, courts, and for the public. -
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Maria Theresa von Paradis
An excellent pianist and organist, renowned for her musical memory. She was also blind. Composed many works such as concertos, piano trios, cantatas and operas -
Absolute Music
No programmatic or literary connections- just music, no story -
Sonata Form
Exposition-Development-Recapitulation -
Opera Buffa
Comedic operas that used realistic characters and serious topics. Derived from original opera -
Motivic Development
A short musical idea that is used as the basis of a piece -
Empfindsamkeit
This style desired to give off a simple and natural feeling but still remain expressive. -
Minuet and Trio
A minuet is a dance, a subgenre AND a form with an A B A form.
Minuet- A
Trio- B
Minuet- A -
Rondo Form
Rondo form is based on the notion of a main refrain that is repeated. A B A C A, OR A B A C A B A -
Rounded Binary Form
2 sections: The second section usually ends with a partial return of the first section A BA' -
Scherzo
Similar to a minuet, but usually faster and more vigorous. Means joke or jest in Italian. Same form as minuet- A B A -
Theme and Variation Form
Popular in the 18th century: first a theme is presented then a series of variations based on that theme -
The Beggar's Opera
Resembled a play with English songs! -
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Industrial Revolution
Made mass production possible -
Invention of the Piano
The first piano was patented in London in 1777. It was very difficult to create a hammer that would allow rapid repeating of notes. The color of keys were originally swapped and it was much smaller. -
Turkish Style= Janissary Style
Popular in Vienna during Haydn and Mozart's lifetimes. Turkish fashion, art, food, and culture was very popular. -
Le nozze di Figaro
Based on a play that was banned in France and had 4 acts -
Don Giovanni
Considered the best opera ever composed by three different composers