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Pietro Metastasio
Court poet in Vienna; most important author of librettos for the 18th century; his libretti were set over 800 times in the 18th and 19th centuries. -
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Giovanni Battista Sammartini
Galant Italian composer and innovator of the symphony in Milan. wrote: symphonies, concertos, overtures, 5 stage works -
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Farinelli (Carlo Broschi)
One of the most famous castrati in the 18th century; gained by Porpora. -
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Franz Xaver Richter
German composer, teacher, and singer; the innovator of the string quartet; one of the foremost Mannheim composers. -
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Prince Nikolaus J. Eszterhazy
Haydn's patron and employer until 1790 -
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Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach
Galant; eldest son of J.S. Bach; wrote in both Baroque and classic styles; associated with Empfindsamkeit (sentimental style) worked for 30 years in Berlin for Frederick the Great. -
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Christoph Willibald Gluck
German opera-reform composer, often considered Baroque; created a new balance between music and drama; jealous of Mozart, but who can blame him -
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Johann Stamitz
Galant, symphonic innovator in Mannheim; conductor, violinist, and teacher. He helped to establish the symphonic genre. -
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Dr. Charles Burney
Music Historian, author, and organist who traveled Europe and wrote about his observations. wrote: histories and memoirs -
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Franz Joseph Haydn
A primary Austrian composer who served as innovator and mover within the new classic style; teacher, keyboardist, and violinist. Composed: 106 symphonies, 83 string quartets, 20 operas -
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Johann Christian Bach
Worked in Milan and London; son of J.S. Bach; friend and influence to Mozart; set up concert series in London with Abel. -
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Luigi Boccherini
Italian composer and cellist; prolific. Composed: 91 string quartets, 90+ string quintets, sextets, octets, choral music, symphonies -
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William Billings
Most prominent composer in the New America; singing teacher; not a strong composer. -
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Lorenzo Da Ponte
Italian librettist and poet; collaborated with Mozart; moved to the US and was professor at Columbia College in New York; he was controversial character. -
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Domenico Cimarosa
Italian composer; a central figure figure in opera in the late 18th century; extraordinarily successful in his day. Composed: 65 operas, 6 quartets, oratorios -
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Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
German poet and writer; he was literary force behind Romanticism; composers continue to set his works to music. -
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Antonio Salieri
Italian composer and teacher; he functioned in the transitional periods between galant and the classic and then again between the classic and the romantic; extremely successful. -
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Muzio Celmenti
English composer of Italian birth; keyboardist, teacher, music publisher, and piano manufacturer. composed: sonatas, chamber music, symphonies, pedagogical works -
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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Austrian composer; child prodigy; wrote in all genres; best innovations were in opera; he represents to many today the epitome of the classic style; one of the best musicians and composers of all time