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Election of 1860
Abraham Lincoln was a Republican who was elected President on November 6, 1860. -
Period: to
The Civil War
Political and Economic Developments -
South Carolina secedes from the Union
South Carolina issued "A Declaration of the Causes of Secession" stating that they seceded because they believed President Lincoln was threatening to abolish slavery. -
Southern states secede
Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas followed South Carolina and seceded from the Union. -
Fort Sumter
South Carolina demanded Union troops to leave Fort Sumter. Lincoln stayed at the Fort and kept supplying it. South Carolina attacked until the fort's commander surendered. This battle made the Southerners believe that the Northerners didn't have the will to fight. The fall of the fort lead Arkansas, North Carolina, Tennesse, and Virginia to secede. This battle aso marked the Beginning of the Civil War. -
The First Battle of Bull Run
The Southerners won this battle. -
Northern Republicans passed several acts.**
*There is no specific date for this. This is just what happened in 1862!
-The Morill Tariff Act helped Northern manufacturers by doubling the prewar tariff on imported goods.
-The Legal Tender Act created a stable national currency
-The National Banking Act strengthened banks and enforced the Legal Tender Act.
These acts gove the government power over the economy and provided stablility to the Northern industrial economy. -
Conscription Act of 1862**
*Just the year. No specific date!
This act was passed by the Richmond government and forced all men into the Confederate army. -
Southern Economy**
*No specific date. Happened in 1862!
The economy was sliding into a depression. -
The Battle of Shiloh
Union general Ulysses S. Grant led the Union army to victory. -
The Battle of Antietam
Robert E. Lee (Confederate general) tried to move up North. Union general George McClellan met Lee at the battlefield. This was a Union victory. -
Drafts**
*No specific date. Just occured in 1863!
Congress passed laws to draft men into the Union army. Either the men had to join the army or donate $300. -
Emancipation Proclamation
First issued in September 1862, it actually took effect on January 1, 1863. It freed all slaves behind Confederate lines, did not free any slaves in the border states, and allowed free blacks to join the U.S. Army and Navy. -
West Virginia admitted as a state
West Virginia seceded from Virginia and joined the Union as a free state. -
Siege of Vicksburg
Ulysses S. Grant (Union general) had his army surround the port city of Vicksburg. Eventually, the Confederates surrendered on July 4, 1863. -
Battle of Gettysburg
Union forces were defeating Lee's invasion of Pennsylvania. Lee retreated back to territory after three days of war. Another Union victory!
This battle crushed the South. The Union's blockade of the South finally started to destroy the Southern economy. They couldn't trade cotton for war supplies anymore. -
March to the Sea
General William Tecumseh Sherman took a small force through the Deep South and destroyed everything in his path. He destroyed and seized Southern cities. This Union victory destroyed the South (literally!). -
Election of 1864**
*Again. This happened in November of 1864. No Specific date!
Lincoln was running as a Republican with Andrew Johnson. The Democrats nominated George McClellan. Lincoln was re-elected. -
The Hampton Roads Conference**
*No specific date. Happened in February 1865!
President Davis wanted a conference to discuss peace. Lincoln agreed and sent Secretary of State William Seward to the conference. This conference quickly ended because Lincoln wanted a surrender but President Davis disagreed. -
Surrender at Appomattox
Grant's forces broke Lee's defenses and burned Richmond, the COnfederate capital. Lee surrendered to save his troop's lives. On April 9th, they met at the Appomattox Courthouse to have Lee surrender. The Civil War had officially ended. -
Lincoln's Assassination
John WIlkes Booth assassinated President Lincoln just a few days after the Civil War ended. -
Southern Economy**
*Again. Just details. No specific date!
The South had a limited number of factories. They had old weapons and terrible uniforms. They also had little to eat. -
Northern Economy**
*No real date. Just information!
Northern factories kept producing weapons, clothing, and supplies for Union soldiers. Manufactureres also increased the production of agricultural machines to help farmers prodcue more wheat and corn to feed the army. Oil production and coal mining became big industries. The transcontinental railroad also played a huge part in transporting goods across the nation. The railroads provided easy transportation of goods to armies and back to the factories.
