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South Carolina Secedes
Following the election of Abraham Lincoln, South Carolina officially declares secession, other Southern states soon follow -
Period: to
The Civil War
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Confederate States of America formed
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Battle of Fort Sumter
First Battle of the Civil War
April 12-14, 1861
only remaining federal fort remaining in the South
Lincoln sends supply ship to the fort
Southern forces attack the fort -
First Battle of Bull Run
A.K.A. First Manassas
First major battle of the Civil War
people thought it would be an entertaining afternoon
800 casualites
proved Civil War would be long, drawn out, difficult, and bloody conflict -
Conscription Act
A.K.A. Enrollment Act
All male citizens between 20 and 35 and all unmarried men between 20 and 45 subject to military duty.
$300 fee to avoid service
Blacks were not considered citizens and were exempt.
"Rich man's war, but a poor man's fight"
Draft violated the concept of states' rights -
2nd Battle of Bull Run
August 28-30, 1862
AKA Second Manassas
Confederate Victory
Culmination of Virginia Campaign -
Antietam
Bloodiest one day battle
13,000< Confederate casualties
12,000< Union casualties -
Emancipation Proclamation
As of January 1, 1863, freed all slaves living in the Confederacy as a military measure that would deprive the south of valuable resources and laborers To avoid Constitutional issues and not anger the slave states within the Union, did not apply to areas outside of the Confederacy. Defined the Union war aims in terms of morality
Dual purpose of the war:
Preservation of the Union
Ending Slavery The measure freed over 3 million men, women, and children. -
Battle of Gettysburg
July 1-3, 1863
172,000< fought
Bloodiest battle with 51,000< casualties in 3 days
28,000< Confederate casualties
23,000<Union Casualties
Pickett's Charge
Eliminated foreign aid to Confederacy
Confederate army physically and emotionally exhausted
Union criticized for not pursuing and crushing the Confederate Army -
Pickett's Charge
Issued by Gen. Lee on Maj. Gen. Meade's troops
12,500 troops marched through open field
failed to break Union line
50%< men dead in just 50 minutes
only 800 men in Pickett's brigade survived -
New York City Draft Riots
July 13-16, 1863
Primarily working class Irishmen who could not pay substitution fee and worried about competition with blacks
anger towards draft shifted to race riotsInitially attacked military and government buildings, but soon started attacking African Americans, including an orphanage for black children
Over 100 Deaths; including the lynching of 11 black men
Lincoln had to call in federal troops to put down riots -
Ulysses S. Grant takes command of Union Forces
Lincoln promotes Grant to take command of all Union forces. Grant begins his "war of attrition/total war campaign in the South -
Election of 1864
Between Lincoln (R), John C. Fremont (Radical R.), and George McClellan (D)
Ultimately came down to Lincoln v. McClellan
Fremont drops out and backs Lincoln
Lincoln-continue war and current policies
McClellan-"compromise" plan; ceasefire and peace
Fremont-abolitionist platform; confiscate lands of leading Confederates
Lincoln has an overwhelming victory
Lincoln did not even appear on CSA ballots
Reaffirmed Union's cause -
Sherman's March to the Sea
Nov, 15, 1864-Dec. 21, 1864
AKA the Savannah Campaign
Maj. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman of the Union Army
Goes from TN-GA
Leads his men through Georgia destroying anything in his path -
Lee surrenders at Appomattox Courthouse
Final engagement between Union and Confederate troops. Gen. Lee surrenders to Union Commander, Ulysses S. Grant -
Lincoln Assassinated
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Confederate States of America Dissolves
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General Stand Waite Surrenders
The last surrender of Confederate forces
